Famous Inventions on the April Calendar

Famous Inventions on the April Calendar What famous events happened in the calendar month of April concerning patents, trademarks, and copyrights? Find out who patented roller skates, and discover which famous inventor has the same April birthday as you or what invention was created on your April birthday. April Calendar of Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights April 1 1953- Arthur Millers The Crucible, a play in four acts based on the Salem witch trials of the 17th century and referencing the then-current plague of McCarthyism, was copyrighted. April 2 1889- Charles Hall patented an inexpensive method for the production of aluminum, which brought the metal into wide commercial use. April 3 1973- Francis W. Dorion was granted patent #3,724,070 for a dual razor blade assembly. April 4 1978- Francisco Garcia was granted patent #4,081,909 for orthodontic pliers. April 5 1881- Edwin Houston and Elihu Thomson were granted a patent for a centrifugal separator: the creamer.   April 6 1869- Isaac Hodgson received patent #88,711 for the roller skate. April 7 1896- Tolbert Lanston was issued a patent for a monotype printing  press. April 8 1766- The first fire escape was patented- the contraption was a wicker basket on a pulley with a chain.1997- Hooshang  Bral received a patent for an automatically rinsing baby bottle. April 9 1974- Phil Brooks received a patent for a disposable syringe, although intravenous injections and infusion began as early as 1670. April 10 1849- Walter Hunt patented the first safety pin, based in part on the Roman brooch known as a fibula. Hunt also invented several other famous things, all of which he gave up on before seeing any profit. April 11 1893- Frederic Ives patented the process for a half-tone printing press. April 12 1988- Drs. Philip Leder and Timothy Stewart on behalf of Harvard University were issued the first patent, #4,736,866, for a new animal life form: a genetically altered mouse. April 13 1990- The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie was copyrighted. April 14 1964- Paul Winchell (a ventriloquist whose main dummy was Jerry Mahoney) was granted patent #3,129,001 for an inverted novelty mask. April 15 1997- Bertram Burke received a patent for an automatic philanthropic contribution system called the MILLIONAIRES CLUB. April 16 1867- Wilbur and his brother Orville Wright invented the airplane, which they called a flying machine.1997- James Watkins received a patent for confetti that flutters and darts. April 17 1875- Snooker, a variation of pool, was invented by Sir Neville Chamberlain.1908- The song Hail Hail the Gangs All Here was copyrighted. April 18 1916- Irving Langmuir received a patent for an incandescent gas lamp. Some of his other accomplishments include atomic-hydrogen welding and contributions to the development of the radio vacuum tube. April 19 1939- John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath was copyrighted. April 20 1897 -  Simon Lake was granted a patent for an even keel submarine. April 21 1828- Noah Webster published the first American dictionary.1857- Albert Douglas patented a ladies bustle.1931- Ester Kiefer received a patent for ornamental paper. April 22 1864- The United States minted the first coin with In God We Trust on it.1884- John Golding patented a process for metallic silk screening.1955- Congress declared that all U.S. coins would be minted with In God We Trust on them. April 23 1964- My Fair Lady, the movie based on a musical version of George Bernard Shaws play Pygmalion, was registered.1985- The trade secret New Coke formula was released. Coca-Cola was invented by John Pemberton of Atlanta, Georgia. The famous trademark name was a suggestion given by Pembertons bookkeeper, Frank Robinson. April 24 1907- Anchors Aweigh, the march and two-step by Chas. A. Zimmerman, was copyrighted. April 25 1961- Robert Noyce was granted a patent for a semiconductor device-and-lead structure, the integrated circuit otherwise known as the chip. Noyce was the co-founder of Intel Corporation. April 26 1881- Frederick Allen patented a life raft.1892- Sarah Boone patented an ironing board. April 27 1920- Elijah McCoy received a patent for an air-brake pump lubricator. April 28 1908- Leonard Dyer obtained a patent for an automobile transmission. April 29 1873- Eli Janney received a patent for automatic railroad car couplings. April 30 1935- Patent #2,000,000 was issued to Joseph Ledwinka for vehicle wheel construction. April Birthdays April 1 1578- English physician William Harvey, who discovered blood circulation.1858- Italian sociologist Gaetano Mosca, who wrote the Circulation of Elite.1865- Germany chemist Richard Zsigmondy won the Nobel Prize in 1925.1887- American philologist and linguist Leonard Bloomfield dominated the science of linguistics.1922- American computer scientist Alan Perlis was best known for his pioneering work in  programming languages. April 2 1618- Mathematician and physicist Francesco M. Grimaldi discovered light diffraction.1841- French engineer and inventor Clement Ader is remembered primarily for his pioneering work in aviation and as a mechanical and electrical genius.1875- Walter Chrysler founded the Chrysler car company.1900- German musicologist Heinrich Besseler is best known for his Medieval, Baroque and   Renaissance music.1922- Russian atomic physicist Nikolaj G.  Bassov  worked with  lasers  and won the Nobel Prize in 1964.1948- Noted astronomer and educator Eleanor Margaret Burbridge was the first woman to be appointed to the Royal Greenwich Observatory. April 3 1837- Writer and nature enthusiast John Burroughs had the Burroughs Medal named after him.1934- British ethologist  Jane Goodall studied African chimps. April 4 1809- American mathematician and astronomer Benjamin Pierce contributed to studies in celestial mechanics, algebra, number theory and philosophy of mathematics.1821- Linus Yale  was an American portrait painter and inventor who invented the Yale cylinder lock.1823- Karl Wilhelm Siemens was an inventor who laid undersea cables.1826- Zenobe Theophile Gramme invented an electric motor.1881- Encyclopedist Charles Funk produced Funk and Wagnalls.1933- English manufacturer Robin Phillips invented a hand-dryer. April 5 1752- Sebastien Erard invented improved pianos and harps.1838- American invertebrate paleontologist Alpheus Hyatt made important contributions to the study of invertebrate fossils.1899- American inventor Alfred Blalocks invention ushered in the era of cardiac surgery.1951- Dean Kamen  invented the  Segway, and several other things, including the AutoSyringe, a mobile dialysis system, and the first wearable insulin pump.1954- Computer programmer Michael W. Butler invented the TODAY program. April 6 1920- Swiss scientist Edmond H. Fischer won the 1992 Nobel Prize in medicine with Edwin Krebs for their discoveries in reversible protein phosphorylation.1928- Chemist James D. Watson co-discovered the structure of DNA.1953- American inventor Andy Hertzfeld was a co-inventor of the Apple Macintosh; he started a new company called General Magic. April 7 1775- American businessman  Francis Cabot Lowell  invented the first raw cotton-to-cloth textile mill.1859- Walter Camp  was the father of American football and invented many of the rules.1860- Noted American vegetarian  Will Keith Kellogg  was the founder of the Kellogg Company and invented a process of making flaked cereal, corn flakes, for use as a healthy breakfast cereal.1869- American botanist explorer David Grandison Fairchild brought new plants into the United States.1890- Noted environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas was nicknamed the First Lady of the Everglades. April 8 1869- American neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing did the first blood pressure studies.1907- Noted chemist Maurice Stacey is known for his contributions to carbohydrate chemistry.1911- American chemist Melvin Calvin won the Nobel Prize in 1961 for his work on photosynthesis. April 9 1806- Isambard Kingdom Brunel invented the first Trans-Atlantic steamer.1830- Eadweard Muybridge  pioneered the study of  motion photography.1919- John Presper Eckert was the co-inventor of the first  all-electronic  computer called the ENIAC. April 10 1755- German physician Samuel Hahnemann invented homeopathy.1917- Organic chemist Robert Burns Woodward won the Nobel prize in 1965. April 11 1899- Chemist  Percy L. Julian  invented a drug for the treatment of arthritis called cortisone. 1901- Adriano Olivetti was an Italian engineer and manufacturer of typewriters. April 12 1884- German psychologist and biochemist Otto Meyerhof won the Nobel Prize in 1922.1926- James Hillman is credited with developing archetypal psychology. April 13 1832- British designer and inventor James Wimshurst invented the electrostatic generator.1899- Alfred Moser Butts invented the game Scrabble. April 14 1886- American psychologist Edward C. Tolman created behaviorism. April 15 1452- Italian painter  Leonardo da Vinci  was also an inventor. April 16 1682- John Hadley invented the first reflecting  telescope.1867- ​Wilbur Wright  co-invented the first manned and engined airplane. April 17 1934- Don Kirshner invented bubblegum music. April 18 1905- Medical research pioneer George Herbert Hitchings was renowned for developing drugs for several major diseases and was co-winner of the Nobel Prize in 1988. April 19 1768- English entomologist and botanist Adrian H. Haworth was known for his work with succulent plants.1877- Ole Evinrude  invented the outboard marine engine1912- American chemist Glen T. Seaborg discovered plutonium and won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951.1931- American computer scientist Fred Brooks is best known for managing the development of IBMs   System/360 computers. April 20 1745- Physician Philippe Pinel is considered the founder of psychiatry. 1921- Donald Gunn MacRae is a noted sociologist.1927- Swiss superconductivity physicist Karl Alex Muller won the Nobel Prize in 1987 for his discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in a new class of materials.1934- Lindsay Oliver John Boynton is a noted furniture historian. April 21 1782- German educator Friedrich W.A. Frobel invented kindergarten.1849- German embryologist Oskar Hertwig discovered fertilization.1913- Biochemist Choh Hao Li isolated growth hormones. April 22 1799- Physician and physiologist Jean Poiseuille discovered blood pressure.1853- French anthropologist Alphonse Bertillon devised the crime ID system.1876- Sweden otologist Robert Barany was a vestibular expert who won the Nobel Prize in 1914.1919- American biochemist Donald Cram won the Nobel Prize in 1987.1929- Margaret Pereira was a noted forensic scientist. April 23 1858- German physicist Max Planck wrote the Planck Constant and won the Nobel Prize in 1918.1917- Nuclear physicist Jacob Kistemaker invented an  ultracentrifuge. April 24 1620- Statistician John Graunt founded the science of demography.1743- Edmund Cartwright  invented the power loom.1914- Justin Wilson invented Wise  Potato Chips. April 25 1769- Mark Isambard Brunel was a noted engineer and inventor.1825- Charles Ferdinand Dowd standardized time zones.1874- Guglielmo Marconi  invented a radio system and won a Nobel Prize in 1909.1900- Swiss-American physicist Wolfgang Pauli discovered the Pauli inhibition and won a Nobel Prize in 1945. April 26 1879- English physicist Owen Williams Richardson won a Nobel Prize in 1928. April 27 1896- Wallace Hume Carothers invented nylon.1903- Biochemist Hans Walter Kosterliz is best known as one of the key discoverers of endorphins.1791- Inventor  Samuel Finley Breece Morse  was born. April 28 1846- Swedish astronomer Johann E. Backlund discovered planets and asteroids.            1882- Italian industrialist Alberto Pirelli joined the family small rubber factory in Italy- the first of its kind- and was active in international affairs.   April 29 1893- Physicist Harold C. Urey discovered Deuterium and won a Nobel Prize in 1934. April 30 1777- Carl Friedrich Gauss is considered the worlds greatest mathematician.

The Importance of Cover Design Professionals

The Importance of Cover Design Professionals "The importance of hiring a cover design professional": An interview with Rachel Lawston The range of freelancer talent available for independent authors today is astonishing. Designer Rachel Lawston, who we interview today, is a perfect example of that. After working in-house for Penguin Random House, she is now freelance and works both for big publishers (HarperCollins) and indie authors. But is it really worth it, for an independent author with a limited budget to invest in such a talented professional for the cover design? We, at Reedsy, firmly believe it is.As we discuss in the interview, many covers out there look very similar. Self-published books are still very much stigmatised by certain spheres of the publishing industry, and that is mainly due to the quality of the books’ production (i.e. the cover, because that is the first thing you see). Rachel shares her views on that, and more, in this very insightful interview.Hi Rachel, great to have you here. You’re one of our best childrens and YA designers on Reedsy. And you’ve worked both in-hou se and as a freelancer. How did you get started in book design?Wow thank you so much, that is very kind of you to say! My first role in publishing was an assistant designer position at Walker Books. I was very lucky as I was trained by some very talented and wonderful people there and their books are so creative.You’ve worked in-house for Penguin Random House for over 3 years, and have now gone freelance. What do you reckon is the proportion of designers/editors who have done just that in the past few years? Gosh that is a tough question to answer – I honestly don’t know. I have noticed a lot of excitement and interest over the growth of new media, and different ways of working, perhaps that has caused more people to go freelance?You work both for big publishers, independent ones, and indie authors. Are there any differences in the way you approach things with these different clients? What’s your typical way of working with an indie author? I always treat every book with the same level of respect and careful attention that it needs to become the best it can be, regardless of whether it is a big publisher, independent or an indie author. Some books need more time than others, but that it is the nature of book design. Publishers and independent authors have their own very individual working styles and demands which make them exciting and a pleasure to work with.One of the nicest things about working with indie authors, is that they often take an active role in the creative process. I really enjoy working in collaboration with indie authors because the experience is so different to working with a publisher. For instance, I don’t think I can ever really explain the feeling of immense satisfaction I feel when I design a book cover for an indie author. When you directly work for an author, you witness their journey.When working with an indie author I always design a package around their individual book/series, with the their object ives and their budget in mind. If the author is based near to me, I always try to meet them (often in a bookshop!) so that we can discuss ideas, outline their aims and how they want to publish their book.I really like this sentence on your Reedsy profile: â€Å"You’ll have all the benefits of my experience, understanding of brand management, post-production and project management†. Do you think that when working with indie authors, designers have to be more than just graphic artists?Thank you! I feel it is important to support my authors as much as I am able. My experience means that I am able to offer these services.I think that the â€Å"you need an editor† message has really sunk in for most (serious) indie authors out there. However, many of them are still trying to make cuts on cover design and interior layout. Is it really worth it for an indie author with a limited budget to invest in a proper graphic design professional?Gosh, that is a tough question! I always feel very mean when I tell people about the importance of hiring a design professional, as I realise not everyone has the budget to do so.I believe that an eye-catching, well-crafted, well-designed cover increases the value of a book to readers and booksellers. A book cover should receive as much careful attention as it needs to become the best it can be, just like the text within.A professional designer will ensure you’re completely happy with your book before it goes to press because your book matters to them, and their final design reflects that.I do understand that some authors may not have the budget to pay the full fee for my services, which is why I create packages around each individual author, to suit their objectives and their budget.We discussed this in our last interview with a designer: Stewart Williams, and I’d love to have your thoughts on it: do you think there is a lack of originality in book covers out there? Are publishers/authors afraid to tr y new things in terms of design?I definitely agree with Stewarts comment â€Å"I think there’s only a small window of time in which you can emulate an idea and still be successful. The rest of the time you’ve got to try something different. It is a risk, and although people have to take risks, they usually don’t want to be the first one.†I think it’s very important to be the first rather than the second! The last thing an author wants, if for their book to be lost amongst similar looking books!Do you prefer working directly with the author (and the author only), or working under the structure of a traditional publisher and interacting with the author, the editorial team, the marketing department, etc.?I love variety. One of the best things about being a freelancer is the diversity of work. I enjoy working with both indie authors and publishers equally!How do you see the future of children’s book publishing? Is it print books, apps, both? I s ee apps and ebooks as another format – like a hardback or paperback. I think there will always be print books.And how do you see the future of graphic design within children’s book publishing? Will designers also be formatters, app developers, or even publishers?I actually know a couple of designers who already work as publishers! One of the best things about being a designer in children’s publishing is that you are such valued part of the team.Thanks so much for taking this time for us!Follow Reedsy and Rachel on TwitterLearn more about book cover design, book layout design, typography or illustration on Reedsy. Click on our design links!Check out our Facebook page for daily posts, images, and videos on self-publishing and book marketing!How do you see the future of children’s books? Do you agree that covers out there, in general, look too similar? Do you think it is worth investing in professional cover design? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!

Perfect competition and monopoly power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perfect competition and monopoly power - Essay Example There is natural tendency of the high technology company to acquire this form to shun competition. 3. In perfect competition products available in the market are of homogeneous character manufactured by firms and that do not provide customers the buying preference. Buyers are free to buy from the market and firms are also free to enter or exit without restrictions In contrast to this in monopoly there is only one seller and plenty of buyers. The entry barriers exist that don't allow easy entry in the market for many reasons such as high technology products or legally protected products etc. Monopolists set market price of the product and services irrespective of the buyers' reaction. The buyers don't have power to influence price. Oligopoly is a situation that lies in between the two extreme models of perfect competition and monopoly. This is a market form in which the industry is dominated by a small numbers of sellers or firms and the decision of one firm influences that of others. This close proximity and influence of each firm on the other in the market or industry often causes collusion of interest. There is scope of competition in oligopoly too but firms often employ restrictive trade practices as formation of cartels to raise product prices. OPEC is the best example which form cartel to restrict production of crude oil to reduce supply and increase price in the world market. When the number of firms is larger there can be fierce competition with relatively high production but low prices that amounts to situation in perfect competition. But actually the firms operate under imperfect competition. In order to earn greater profit / revenue and market share firms in oligopoly utilize non-price competition a nd are supported by sticky -upward demand curve. Oligopsony is another form of market in which number of sellers is comparatively large than the number of buyers. This type of market is often seen in the input market where a small number of firms compete to obtain (buy) factors of production. This is just in contrast with the oligopoly market where firms compete to sell the final product. Market with a few sellers (oligopoly) and a few buyers (oligopsony) is called as a bilateral oligopoly. Perfect Competition is the most competitive market structure in which everybody is a price taker. This type of situation hardly exists. It is so competitive that any individual buyer or seller has a very little impact on the market price. When a company emerges with a high technology products that no one else manufactures they acquire a growing monopolistic position in the market as the Microsoft Corporation did with its application software products that have to be used in every product as desktop computer. Initially there was no substitute product in the market as in a monopoly market but gradually some firms dare enter in to the scene to snatch some market share of the near

Critique of La Haine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critique of La Haine - Essay Example The essay "Critique of La Haine" discusses The La Haine which depicts a classical French film. French filmmaker, Mathieu Kassovitz directed the film that manifests alienation racism and violence in French suburbs. The director shows how unemployment and discrimination fuel violent anger among French youths.The film shows that the ugly housing estate in Paris does not affect do not affect the youth. Mathieu Kassovitz shot the film in black and white to profess racial strife and disaffected youth in France. Indeed, the film focuses on the common challenges experienced by mixed-race groups against bad cops and bourgeois community. For example, the film depicts three angry unemployed youths experiencing albeit with anger their friend suffering from police brutality. This is the best film associated with the hip hop generation of the French suburbs. Apparently, French youths use French rap to resist discrimination, alienation, and oppression based on race and class. Although the film pene trated the global audience it also portrayed the adverse effects of adopting the popular American culture in France as seen in the case of police brutality. The film focuses on issues of class and not of the race where it seemingly ignores racism. For example, the film the protagonists argue that the minority and the poor cannot get weapons to protect themselves yet the wealthy and powerful can easily access guns for protection. The La Haine shows the differences between the French hip hop and American hip hop culture.

Personal Classroom Management Plan Essay Example for Free

Personal Classroom Management Plan Essay My personal philosophy of classroom management of a preschool or elementary school settings that it requires several things first, of all you have to have patience, determination, and motivation. You have to be flexible, careful in planning, and being very consistence. You have to be prepared and ready to manage your classroom from day one. Classroom does not come well-managed you have to mold yourself and your assistant to help your classroom be well-managed. I present myself as a democratic model because it helps you with the parents, and the community beside the students that everyone gets involve to help make the school and the students safe and keep them under control. This is when I would use Wong’s Model because it helps you manage your classroom from the very first day of school. This would help me prepared myself for  what’s to come and how I would implement my lessons and rules for the classroom as well as the students. You come up with a technique to teach the kids and go over it repeatedly. Especially the ages that I teach because they are young from ages 2 1/2to 4 years old so, you will have to implement it more than once. I would also use the Win-Win Discipline as well, because if you have students in you classroom that is constantly gives you problems or have trouble listen you cause this method to help meet the deeper needs of the students and respond to the causes of misbehavior in addition to eliminating interruption in the classroom. I want to help my students not call them out or label them as a problem child or student. This is just a portion of my philosophy to help me manage my classroom in a better why. These resources were very helpful and I hope to use it in my classroom to get a positive feedback. EDU – 450 Classroom Procedures Program of Study: Early Childhood Education Procedure 1: Entering the Classroom Objective: To create a classroom environment that is conducive to learning the moment class begins. When procedure will be introduced, modeled, and practiced and its frequency: Teacher will introduce the procedure on the first day of school. Teacher will model the procedure at the beginning of class for the first week of school. Students will practice this procedure a few times the first day until satisfactory. Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed or when new students join the class. Assessment and Feedback: Teacher will watch for the students that follow the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students. Procedure Steps or Activity: 1. Walk in quietly (entering a new zone) 2. Put things away (backpack, coats) 3. Ask to go to a center (blocks, housekeeping) etc.  Procedure 2: Preparing for Circle time Objective: To optimize time for instruction and create a classroom environment that is conducive to learning. When procedure will be introduced, modeled, and practiced and its frequency: Teacher will introduced the procedure the first day of school. Teacher will model the procedure at the beginning of circle time for the first week of school. Teacher will practice the procedure the first couple of days until satisfied. Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed and as we get new students. Assessment and Feedback: Teacher will watch for the students that follow the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students. For the students that is not doing it correctly, teacher will redirect them into doing so. Procedure Steps or Activity: 1. Teacher will turn off light to let them know how much time they have until clean up. 2. When the time is up, Teacher will clap hands twice. 3. Teacher will inform the students that it is clean up time. 4. Teacher will sing a song (It’s time to put the toys away). 5. When students are done cleaning, they will go to the carpet quietly. Procedure 3: Fire Drill Objective: The students will already know what to do during a fire drill. When procedure will be introduced, modeled, and practiced and its frequency: Teacher will introduce the procedure on the first day of school. Teacher will model the procedure at the beginning of class for the first week of school. Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed or when new students join the class. Assessment and Feedback: Teacher will watch for students that follow the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students. Procedure Steps or Activity: 1. Teacher will sound a bell alarming the students that it is a fire drill. 2. The students will line up quickly at the exit door. 3. Teacher will gather all the necessary items. 4. Teacher will lead the students out to safety on the emergency exit. 5. Teacher will do a head count on students. 6. Teacher and students will stay in the safety zone until someone comes and let them know it is all clear and safe to go back into the building. Procedure 4: Preparing for Recess Objective: To optimize time for instruction, and the students would know what to do during recess time. When procedure will be introduced, modeled, and practiced and its frequency: Teacher will introduce the procedure on the first day of school. Teacher will model the procedure at the time of recess for the first week of school. Students will practice this procedure a few times the first week of school until satisfactory. Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed or when new students join the class. Assessment and Feedback: Teacher will watch for the students that follow the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students. Procedure Steps or Activity: 1. Teacher will turn the light off alarming the students how much time they have until cleaning up the centers. 2. When the time has come, the teacher will clap her hands three times. 3. Students will begin to clean up their centers. 4. Once students are done, they sit on the carpet. 5. Teacher will call on students one by one to put on coats. 6. When it is time, teacher has the students to line up to go outside. Procedure 5: Preparing for Lunch Objective: To optimize time for instruction, and the students would know what to do during lunch time. When procedure will be introduced, modeled, and practiced and its frequency: Teacher will introduce the procedure the first day of school. Teacher will model the procedure before lunch time for the first week of school. Teacher  will practiced the procedure a few times the first day until satisfactory. Teacher and students will repeat when reinforcement is needed or when new students join the class. Assessment and Feedback: Teacher will watch for students that follow the steps correctly and will positively reinforce the students. Procedure Steps or Activity: 1. Students comes in from outside, they take off their coats. 2. Students are then to sit down on the rug. 3. Teacher will call 3 to 4 students over to wash their hands. 4. Students are to return to rug. 5. Teacher will call students to table when lunch is ready. Rules and Consequences Part One: 1. Come to class prepared and ready to work. 2. Have a winning attitude. 3. Everyone deserves respect. 4. Use kind words at all times. 5. Do your very best. 6. Have fun while you learn. The consequences for every action is that for the first, offence is the students will get a verbal warning and I will talk with them about there behavior, the students will know that we do not tolerate that type of behavior. Second offence is that I would call their parents to have a parent teacher conference to speak with them about their child behavior in the classroom. Create a plan on what we can do together as a team so it would not happen again. Third offence is that the students will be sent to the office and probably would be suspended for a day out of school. If it  is the third offence and they forget their homework I would call the student parents and explain the situation of their child and would have the student take 10-15 minutes from recess time to make their work up. As a teacher will let the students know what type of behavior that I tolerate in my classroom on the very first day. I will print out a copy of the rules for the students to put in their agenda, and one for the parents to keep at home. Once we have practiced the rules for the classroom, I would have the students to recite it aloud once a week to earn extra points. Communication I would communicate with my parents through newsletter. Through a newsletter the parent will know what their child is doing weekly. The newsletter will have the lesson that we would learn for the week, any important announcements, and what important meetings or announcement that is up coming. I would also communicate with the parents through phone by letting them know each week how their child is doing, what they have accomplished so far, and if they need help in any subject. Finally, I would communicate with my parents through email, because every parent do not have a phone, so if they have a computer they can also see what their child is doing and what we have cover so far. I will have a tutorial set up for parents that need help with different lesson to be able to help their child be successful and excel further in their education. Student Engagement Strategies The teacher must use varied viewpoints, theory ways of knowing, and methods of inquiry in teaching subject matter concepts. First, one way the teacher can engage strategies is to simply the lesson for the students and give them an opportunity to help find themselves as well as the answer. Second, you can use comics and graphic novels to engage young boys more than girls, into reading. Images are powerful, so young boys are very interested in it. The teachers can develop a complex discussion from a simple idea and help stimulate student’s critical thinking. Finally, teachers must engage students in generating knowledge and testing hypotheses according to the methods of inquiry and standards of evidence used in the discipline. I would use this image when I am teaching circle time or morning session. This  is teaching the students there ABC’s, days of the week, and colors with shapes, just to name a few. I would use this image when I want the students to ask questions quietly and not all at one time talking over each other. I would post this in my circle time area reminding them what to do when they have a questions to ask. Professionalism To be professional with each of the following: with students, parents, co workers and administrators is to be able to multi task. Inspire the trust of your clients of your students and parents. First, impression from the first day of school year is very important. Dress like a professional. Teachers should arrive at work looking the part. Always be on time, if you arrive 10 to 15 minutes before work is being on time. You will have time to prepare and go over your lesson before your class starts. Follow procedures and the protocol expected at your school. Professionals embrace the corporate identity and values and model these for the clients in this case, the children they teach. Take charge of your classroom, you have to let the students know from the very first day of school what you want from them and the rules and consequences for their actions. Take pride in the process and product. Professionally presented to your supervisor your notes and handouts. Never miss a dead line, try to be on time with your assignments, and do not way until the very last minute. Treat your colleagues and supervisors with respect. Model respect for authority for your students and gaining their respect will be much easier for you. Be passionate, positive, and enthusiastic about your work. A professional teacher will not create negativity in a staff room or engage in mindless gossip and the spreading of dissent. Take interest in every child. To better you get to know your students, the more influence you have on your students the better their attitude will be toward your subject and on their lives. Consult parents, having them involve  with you for the support of the students and the school the better it will be. Support your colleagues and school management walk the talk. Put the needs of the institution above your own. You are one person in a group of professionals who share a common goal and vision. In dealing with my strengths of my students and parents, we need to be passionate, open minded, and honest. You have to let parents know in anyway that you are there for them. You get the parents involve with the students education and as what they have questions about. As for co- workers, you just be respectful to one another. Keep the gossip to yourself and stay away from negativity. For administrators you have to be professional at all times, by dressing appropriate, being on time, have and open- mind. The area that I can improve in is being more open- minded, by letting my students be more involved in help planning the lesson and activity in the classroom. Let the parents be more involved by asking questions for example: what would they like to see more from their students in the classroom settings. Set up computer tutorial classes for the parents that do not know how to work the computer. The importance of being professional is a multi-task, because you have to be professional in many different ways, dress appropriate have people person skills, be polite, be a quick thinker and have individuals that are able to demonstrate professional attitude both in the office and in the field.

Liverpool :: essays research papers

The imposing iron gates standing between the West Derby streets and the Melwood training complex might have shifted some 500 yards or so off Melwood Avenue and onto since the last time Liverpool contemplated a trip to a European Cup Final but outside the scenes are exactly the same. Five or six kids who don't look old enough to remember a time before foreign managers at Anfield stand on tiptoes on the wall of the house opposite the entrance to the most famous training ground in English football. They've been here all day claims the steward manning the gates. Never mind the fact that their parents probably think they're in school, they're here, mobile phones poised at the ready, to snap Djibril Cisse leaving in his Hummer. Twenty yards away, leaning against another wall, are two men hoping to collect autographs from players who, with the exception of possibly Maurico Pellegrino, are probably younger than their sons. Inside the foyer, Luis Garcia, decked out in long black shorts and a black Reebok sweatshirt, looks up from inspecting the contents of a large cardboard box sitting on the floor and smiles. He says hello, turns to the new receptionist, asks a question in perfect English and then scans the names in the signing-in book to see if he recognises any. It doesn't seem that long ago that Spaniard had to call in an interpreter to help him answer questions in an interview for this website. Elsewhere, coaching staff, players and members of the medical team go about their business. The Premiership season ended yesterday and while departure lounges all over the country are probably packed with footballers waiting to jet off to Dubai, Florida and anywhere in Europe with a lush green golf course and fully stocked 19th hole, the only flight the players here will be boarding in the immediate future is a non-stop chartered one to Istanbul. Liverpool might have finished one place and two points worse off than last season but you'd never guess it from the mood inside and outside of Melwood. The small matter of the club's first European Cup Final to contest in 20 years has probably got something to do with it but even before Bayer Leverkusen, Juventus and Chelsea were dispensed with en route to the Ataturk Stadium, the mood was bristling with positivity and a feeling that, in what could only be described as Liverpool most bizarre season ever, anything could happen. Liverpool :: essays research papers The imposing iron gates standing between the West Derby streets and the Melwood training complex might have shifted some 500 yards or so off Melwood Avenue and onto since the last time Liverpool contemplated a trip to a European Cup Final but outside the scenes are exactly the same. Five or six kids who don't look old enough to remember a time before foreign managers at Anfield stand on tiptoes on the wall of the house opposite the entrance to the most famous training ground in English football. They've been here all day claims the steward manning the gates. Never mind the fact that their parents probably think they're in school, they're here, mobile phones poised at the ready, to snap Djibril Cisse leaving in his Hummer. Twenty yards away, leaning against another wall, are two men hoping to collect autographs from players who, with the exception of possibly Maurico Pellegrino, are probably younger than their sons. Inside the foyer, Luis Garcia, decked out in long black shorts and a black Reebok sweatshirt, looks up from inspecting the contents of a large cardboard box sitting on the floor and smiles. He says hello, turns to the new receptionist, asks a question in perfect English and then scans the names in the signing-in book to see if he recognises any. It doesn't seem that long ago that Spaniard had to call in an interpreter to help him answer questions in an interview for this website. Elsewhere, coaching staff, players and members of the medical team go about their business. The Premiership season ended yesterday and while departure lounges all over the country are probably packed with footballers waiting to jet off to Dubai, Florida and anywhere in Europe with a lush green golf course and fully stocked 19th hole, the only flight the players here will be boarding in the immediate future is a non-stop chartered one to Istanbul. Liverpool might have finished one place and two points worse off than last season but you'd never guess it from the mood inside and outside of Melwood. The small matter of the club's first European Cup Final to contest in 20 years has probably got something to do with it but even before Bayer Leverkusen, Juventus and Chelsea were dispensed with en route to the Ataturk Stadium, the mood was bristling with positivity and a feeling that, in what could only be described as Liverpool most bizarre season ever, anything could happen.

Israel-Palestine: Two-State vs One-State Solution

What Does The Future Hold for Israel-Palestine? The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has proven to be one of the most complex and â€Å"intractable† conflicts of modern history – or as some may even add – of all time. And after many decades of failed attempts at peacemaking in this region, there still seems to be no conceivable end to the conflict.During those same decades, most of the parties involved as well as the international community have embraced the idea of a two-state solution, but the question we pose today asks whether this solution is still a viable option considering the present context, and if not, is it finally time to consider a one-state solution?This essay will argue that although a two-state solution remains the more desirable and popular option, keeping in-line with both nations’ desire for freedom, civic rights, dignity, statehood and nationhood, it may no longer be a possibility in the near future and as time passes. A one-state solution also has its faults however, as it simply fails to address the issue of inevitable future conflicts and retaliation, which would stem from the most problematic symptom of a bi-national state: the reduction of Palestinian-Israelis to second-class citizens within their own country.Finally, the essay will attempt to show that regardless of what the more desirable and feasible option may be, the context today points to a de facto one-state reality, which some argue would ultimately need to be embraced as the only option. There is no solution but the two-state solution? Is a one-state solution feasible today? If it is, how optimal of a solution is it for both populations and state-entities?The answer seems to be negative mainly due to the fact that the Jewish-Israeli populace desires to remain a majority within their own state and similarly because the Jewish-Israeli state depends on a Jewish majority in order to vote-in and implement laws and policies, which are aimed to provide a safe home for the Jewish and not the Arab population as per the Balfour Declaration (1). Uniting all territories under one-same state would shift demographics in such a manner that Jewish-Israelis would become the minority within their own state, and thus they would put in jeopardy the Jewish component of what s now a democratic Jewish state. A one-state solution seems to be a utopian idea when we consider the immense sense of pride and victory the Palestinian and Israeli peoples attach to the concept of having and ruling over their own independent and sovereign state. History has shown time and again that no two entities have ever peacefully agreed and successfully managed to create a multinational state within one-same country, but rather they have favoured separate national states, or a two-state solution.Also, from a psychoanalytical and social approach, it appears almost completely improbable that two peoples, cultures and religions that have participated in such a long-standing in tractable conflict would concede to the creation of only one state, since their motivational and cognitive biases as a result of distinct psychological processes would â€Å"render then unable to recognize as advantageous settlement terms† proposed by the other side (2).This would fully undermine the Palestinians’ fight for liberation and sovereignty and the Israelis’ struggle for existence and independence. Moreover, under one state, the Palestinians would perhaps suffer a reality of segregation and would shift their fight towards one for achieving their civil rights. This could potentially be achieved as it was done in South-Africa. However, it would ultimately lead towards a Jewish minority within the state and that would directly threaten the existence of a Jewish state.One could argue that Israelis would never agree to dismantle the Jewish state by contributing to the formation of an Arab majority within their own territory. Also, the realities in South-Afr ica were quite different from those in Israel-Palestine today. In fact, the struggle was of another nature: the black-Africans and white-Africans both fought for a one-state solution and the domination of that state, whereas the Palestinians and Israelis fight for the creation of their own independent states, therefore a one-state option is neither desired by the Israelis nor the Palestinians (3) (4).Furthermore, the involvement and conflict-resolution approaches of the international community during the South-African ordeal differed greatly from those of today, since Israel has a more complex relationship with the United-States than South-Africa ever did and an international boycott of Israel would ultimately fail as it would be interpreted as a repetition of the Holocaust, which began with the simple slogan â€Å"Don’t buy from the Jews† and which no one in their right mind desires today! 5) So, is a two-state solution a more viable option? One might think that a two -state option is a very remote possibility seeing the constant hostility from the Palestinian side, the crisis and disconnect between Hamas and the official Palestinian Authority, the fragmentation of the West Bank territory into districts due to growing Israeli settlements, and an almost inexistent peace process between the two nations in light of a unilateral Israeli approach to conflict resolution.However, it is also vital to underline that the lack of evidence of a one-state option being the optimal solution to the problem makes the route towards a two-state solution more compelling in comparison. In fact, by opting for a one-state solution and denying the Palestinian people their own independent state where they can freely live with dignity and enjoy full civic rights, Israel and the international community risk causing additional chaos, retaliation and a continuation of the already intractable war between these two nations.On the other hand, the reality we have today points de facto to the existence of a bi-national state, mainly as a result of Israel’s expansionist policies. In fact, living on what was d’antan Philistine are almost eleven million people, almost equally divided, half of whom – the Palestinians – are growing faster in number and will most inevitably become the majority (6). Historic precedents have shown through failed peacemaking processes that this land cannot be successfully partitioned by agreement.This means that the only way to achieve a two-state solution is by military force, which many would agree is not desirable, since it may generate the worst war to date. The greatest fear emanating from the adoption of a one-state solution, and which prompts many to favour the infamous two-state solution, is the creation of an apartheid state and second-class citizens as was the case in South-Africa. However, many fail to remember that only upon agreement to create a democratic bi-national state did South-Africa d issolve its apartheid component (7). This is not to say that an equitably shared i-national state would automatically be created when and if a one-state solution is put into place, but rather that a peaceful coexistence within a bi-national state is a possibility. In fact, one could defend that any attempt to separate the two entities would be impossible, since any territorial split would create displaced Palestinian and Israeli persons and refugees within both states. A two-state solution almost guarantees that having Palestinians and Israelis live under Israeli and Palestinian sovereignly respectively will additionally fuel discontent, retaliation and violent struggle.This would undermine any past attempt to reconcile the two parties and achieve peace, and would render any past accords and treaties useless. Furthermore, ruling two separate geographical entities – Gaza and the West Bank – under the same independent Palestinian state is an impractical and inefficient w ay of organizing institutions and governmental administrations, as it would complicate decision-making and even practical implementation of policies pertaining to resources, energy, security and social issues.For example, how could a Palestinian state survive without access to resources such as water and electricity, when Israel has almost completely taken control of water access in the West Bank and is the greatest supplier of electricity to the Palestinian territories? Also, how will these two geographically separate, yet politically united entities communicate, ensure safety for their citizens travelling through Israel in-between Gaza and the West Bank, organize transport and delivery of goods, services and energy to each part, and how will they reconcile their economies?The answers to most of these questions point towards a reality that would be quite impossible to accept and sustain. In addition, it is safe to say that the problem of a two-state solution runs a lot deeper. For example, the PA is quite weak as it lacks support in Gaza: it is lead by wealthy officials who have no interest in altering the Palestinian reality in the West Bank due to their investments in that region, the economy is unstable in that region, and it depends almost entirely on Israeli and American support and funding.If it became a sovereign state, Palestine’s economy would suffer, as it is greatly linked and depends on both Israel and the international community. From empirical evidence, as is the case with many European countries today and other African and South American countries some years ago, we know that a weak or crumbling economy spells political and social unrest, and therefore a two-state solution would fail to accomplish what a one-state solution may prevent: a failed state and extreme violent uprisings.Moreover, land disputes are an impediment for a clear-cut two-state solution. For example, ten percent of the West Bank would be annexed by Israel (8) as it for ms part of permanent Israeli settlements and land-swaps would occur failing to provide a clear understanding of what would happen to Palestinians living on these â€Å"swapped† territories inside of Israel. For these reasons and more, it is quite unimaginable to even speak of a strong, stable and sovereign Palestinian state at the moment.In sum, neither option seems to be ideal, although on a personal note, I believe that a one-state solution would lead to yet another form of occupation, at least for some years or even generations to come, of lower-class Palestinian-Israelis by Jewish-Israelis as well as to more struggle for land and to more violence, since the Jewish inhabitants of the land evidently enjoy the upper economic and political hand in this conflict. As the South-African example depicts well, the one-state option would lead to an apartheid state for some time at least.Israeli-Jews inevitably would continue to hold onto the economic and socio-political power they e njoy today, which means that Palestinian-Israelis would become second-class citizens who will suffer discrimination in all spheres of life and who may even be compelled by law to participate in that which is the top source of their anguish and hate: the Israeli army. Both sides will forcibly persist in trying to augment their numbers in order to form the standing majority and the foreseeable and very unfortunate event that would unfold is another mid-twentieth century-type civil war.And however complicated a two-state solution may seem, it is an illusion to believe that the Israelis or the Palestinians for that matter would easily give up the idea of having their own independent state. There is no force in this world that could make these two nations give up this aspiration. However, on the other hand, it seems that if the idea of a two-state solution was brought to fruition today it would be a disaster for the Palestinian people, since the content of the solution would inevitably p ut them at a disadvantage in the context of today.In the end, as we can deduce from some of the evidence presented in this essay, one is still left with unanswered questions as well as with new questions pertaining respectively to the best possible option for Israel and Palestine as well as other foreseeable solutions that differ from the one and two-state solutions. References and Works Cited Al-Masri, Hani. â€Å"The Two-State Solution Is Still an Option. † Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 27-30. Print. ?Avnrey, Uri. â€Å"One State: Solution or Utopia? Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 4 (2007): 7-12. Print. Awad, Samir. â€Å"Http://www. pij. org/details. php? id=1413. † Palestine-Israel Journal: Impact of the Revolutions in the Arab World on the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict AndFuture Prospects. Middle East Publications, 2012. Web. 04 Aug. 2012. . Baskin, Gershon. â€Å"A Choice To Be Made. â €  Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 94-96. Print. Democracy in America Blog Correspondents. (2011).Palestine Statehood: A Strategic Mistake by Everyone. Available: (http://www. economist. com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/09/palestine- statehood-0). Last accessed 3rd Aug 2012. ?Dudai, Ron. â€Å"A Model for Dealing with the Past in the Israeli–Palestinian Context. † The International Journal of Transitional Justice 1 (2007): 249-67. Print. Ghanem, As'ad. â€Å"Cooperation Instead of Separation: A One-State Solution to Promote Israeli-Palestinian Peace. † Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 13-19. Print. ?Hadi, A. B. A. The Balfour Declaration. † The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 164. 1 (1932): 12-21. Print. ?Kelman, Herbert C. â€Å"The Interdependence of Israeli and Palestinian National Identities: The Role of the Other in Existential Confli cts. † Journal of Social Issues 55. 3 (1999): 581-600. Print. ?Lindsay, Talmud. â€Å"Six South-African Lessons. † Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 96-100. Print. Majdalani, Ahmad. â€Å"The Serious Threats Facing the Palestinian National Project. † Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. (2007): 37-43. Print. Plenary, Sixty-sixth General Assembly. UN General Assembly Archives. 23 Sept. 2011. Peace Can Only Come through Negotiations, Responds Israel’s Prime Minister, Offering ‘Straightforward Discussion’. United Nations NHQ, United States of America, New York. Pollak, Joel. â€Å"A Northern Ireland Solution for the West Bank? † Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics and Culture 14. 2 (2007): 62-68. Print. ?Ruether, Rosemary, â€Å"Invisible Palestinians: Ideology and Reality in Israel†, Christian Century Publishing, (1987), p. 587.

Native Americans in the United States and Include In-text Citation Essay

TermDefinition Segregationâ€Å"The physical and social separation of categories of people. † (Macionis, 2012, p. 61) De jure segregationâ€Å"Children assigned to schools specifically to maintain racially separated schools. † (Schaefer, 2012, p. 414) Pluralismâ€Å"A state in which people of all racial and ethnic categories have about the same overall social standing. † (Macionis, 2012, p. 63) Assimilationâ€Å"The process by which minorities gradually adopt cultural patterns from the dominant majority population. † (Macionis, 2012, p. 63) Part II Write a 75- to 150-word response to each of the following questions. Format your work according to the class writing guide: †¢Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction of an ethnic, racial, or national group, such as the Turkish killing of Armenians after WWI, the Nazis’ slaughter of 6 million European Jews during WWII, or the mass killings in Rwanda in 1994. Has genocide ever been practiced or condoned in North America? Explain your response. Yes, genocide has been both practiced and condoned in North America and the United States. The native inhabitants of North America, or Native Americans, were destroyed as a people. In the early 18th century, several states including Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Jersey promoted the genocide of local native people by offering a scalp bounty on every dead native. In 1703 12 pounds was the price paid per scalp by the State of Massachusetts, by 1723 that price had soared to over 100 pounds per scalp. In that same period, George Washington compared Natives to wolves or beasts of prey, and called for their total destruction. By 1814, Andrew Jackson supervised the mutilation of more than 800 members of the Creek Tribe, which had been murdered by his troops. As time progresses to 1867, General William Tecumseh Sherman was saying, â€Å"We must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux [Lakota] even to their extermination; men, women, and children. † No one knows a precise number of Native Americans that were murdered at the behest of our United States Government, but some estimates make the number of European Jews murdered by German Nazis look small. (â€Å"Religious Tolerance†, 2011) †¢Consider the readings from this week as well as last week. What is the difference between Arab Americans and Muslim Americans? Why are the two often thought to be interchangeable? Explain your response. Arab Americans are Americans of Arabic heritage, which have either immigrated to the United States or have been born here and can trace their lineage back to the Middle East. (â€Å"The Prejudice Institute â€Å", 2012) However not all people from the Middle East are Arab. Muslim Americans are people who practice the religion of Islam and live in the United States. (â€Å"Muslim Americans†, 2011) I think that often these two terms are thought to be interchangeable because there are a great deal of Muslims in the Middle East and those are the Muslim Extremist that we she on the news. Therefore, as we always do we go right to the stereotypes that have been played out in the headlines of the news. So if a person is of Arabic decent he or she must also be Muslim, which is why people tend to consider the two terms interchangeable. ? References Religious Tolerance. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. religioustolerance. org/genocide5. htm Macionis, J. J. (2012). Social Problems, Census Edition (4th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. The Prejudice Institute . (2012). Retrieved from http://www. prejudiceinstitute. org/Factsheets5-ArabAmericans. html Muslim Americans. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. people-press. org/files/2011/08/muslim-american-report. pdf.

The observed value Essay Example

The observed value Essay Example The observed value Essay The observed value Essay As the observed value of rs = 0.416 is greater than the critical value of 0.317 (when N=28, P0.05, and is a one tailed test), the likelihood of these results occurring through chance is less than 5%. In this case, the null hypothesis can be rejected and in favour of the alternative hypothesis as the observed value is greater than the critical value.  This means that there is a positive correlation in my results and it shows that health is affected by number of hassles in most cases. Discussion What we have found is a positive correlation in the results taken from the experiment, which shows that the higher the hassles score the higher the health score. This is not a true statement in all cases, as everyone is individual proving that some people may be able to cope with stress better than others are. There was a few individual results that showed high hassles score but quite a low health score which shows that participant may be able to cope with stress easier than others as they may be able to control their arousal levels. The original hypothesis stated that, there will be a significant relationship between a participants score on the hassles scale and their physical health. Participants who score highly on the hassles scale will be more prone to illness. This hypothesis was accepted as results supported this argument. By accepting this hypothesis it proves that students/participants that have less stress and hassles in their lives are physically healthier due to the immune system and body working together to overcome the stressors. Marmot et al.s 1977 did a piece of research into workplace stressors. He took a sample of civil servants aged 35-55 and conducted a longitudinal study, they recorded the workplace state and the stressors within using questionnaires and observation. Job control was assessed which was then put into a correlational analysis with stress-related illness. This is similar to my experiment apart from the age range and setting is different. This study showed that participants that show low job control were four times more likely to die of a heart attack than those with high job control. This ties in with my experiment that if students have low control on their hassles then they are more likely to come across stress-related illnesses than students with more control do. If I were to repeat this study in the future, I would use a different type of sampling than opportunity. By using an opportunity sample it cannot be generalised to a wider population as it is unrepresentative and can be biased by the type of people who the researcher ask. I would use a systematic sample where not every person has an equal chance of being selected but is an unbiased selection method. I would also give each participant the hassle questionnaire first then the health questionnaire second, as it was a slightly unfair and was not properly sorted out. I would take each participant into a silent room instead of just a quiet room so the participant had no distractions and was fully concentrating on the questionnaires. On the questionnaires  Follow up research could include looking at different gender types, to see if female cope better with stress than men or the other way round. Also research into time of the year for students, for example do research when they are in a not so crucial time, then do the same experiment at time of the exam period.

Learn About the Difference Between Corporate Ownership and Management

Learn About the Difference Between Corporate Ownership and Management Today, many large corporations have a great number of owners. In fact, a  major company may be owned by a million or more people. These owners are generally called shareholders. In the case of a public company with a great number of these shareholders, a majority may  hold fewer than 100 shares of stock each. This widespread ownership has given many Americans a direct stake in some of the nations biggest companies. By the mid-1990s, more than 40% of U.S. families owned common stock, either directly or through mutual funds or other intermediaries. This scenario is a far cry from the corporate structure of but one hundred years ago  and marks a great shift in the concepts of corporation ownership versus management. Corporation Ownership Versus Corporation Management The widely dispersed ownership of Americas largest corporations has to lead to a separation of the concepts of corporate ownership and control. Because shareholders generally cannot know and manage the full details of a corporations business (nor do many wish to), they elect a board of directors to make broad corporate policy. Typically, even members of a corporations board of directors and managers own less than 5% of the common stock, though some may own far more than that. Individuals, banks, or retirement funds often own blocks of stock, but even these holdings generally account for only a small fraction of the total of the companys stock. Usually, only a minority of board members are operating officers of the corporation. Some directors are nominated by the company to give prestige to the board, others to provide certain skills or to represent lending institutions. For these very reasons, it is not unusual for one person to serve on several different corporate boards at the same time. Corporate Board of Directors and Corporate Executives While corporate boards are elected to direct corporate policy, those boards typically delegate day-to-day management decisions to a chief executive officer (CEO), who may also operate as the boards chairman or president. The CEO supervises other corporate executives, including a number of vice presidents who oversee various corporate functions and divisions. The CEO will also oversee other executives like the chief financial officer (CFO), the chief operating officer (COO), and the chief information officer (CIO). The position of CIO is by far the newest executive title to American corporate structure. It was first introduced in the late 1990s as high technology became a crucial part of U.S. business affairs. The Power of the Shareholders As long as a CEO has the confidence of the board of directors, he or she is generally permitted a great deal of freedom in running and management of the corporation. But sometimes, individual and institutional stockholders, acting in concert and with the backing of dissident candidates for the board, can exert enough power to force a change in management. Other than these more extraordinary circumstances, shareholders participation in the company whose stock they hold is limited to annual shareholder meetings. Even so, generally only a few people attend annual shareholder meetings. Most shareholders vote on the election of directors and important policy proposals by proxy, that is, by mailing in election forms. In recent years, however, some annual meetings have seen more shareholders- perhaps several hundred- in attendance. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires corporations to give groups challenging management access to mailing lists of stockholders to present their views.

Employee Rights to Privacy at the Workplace Essay

Employee Rights to Privacy at the Workplace - Essay Example The issues of privacy at workplace started off with the use of telephones at the workplace for communication. Mainly meant to achieve the purpose of having employees interact with each other as well as with the outside counterparts, after much debate it was deemed acceptable for employees to use the office phones for personal use, as long as it did not affect workplace efficiency (Gant 127). Body Faster communication, efficient paper-less correspondence, and least costly for the employers, the internet was made a regular feature of the work environment within no time. Internet was not limited to e-mail correspondence too. Organizational Researchers would go online to gather information about competitors, maintain an online presence, and interact with the customers for feedback and suggestions. It has become imperative in today’s day and age to maintain an online presence, thus the initial e-mail correspondence limitation was replaced with round-the-clock internet connectivity at workplace. This gave birth to a new management issue; Ensuring that the employees do not engage in useless surfing while at work (Smith 40). Social networking has gotten almost everyone hooked onto remaining connected with close ones at all times. It is indeed a complex situation to be in as far as managing such a workforce is concerned. Employee monitoring and surveillance goes as far as fixation of cameras behind every desk and installing devices that determine the rate of wiggling on a chair, and whether it breaches the basic employee privacy protection rights, is another debate altogether (Ciocchetti 2). Since our topic is narrowed down to two major technological facilities at workplace, the telephone and the internet, clarifying the two mediums of communications and the purpose they are meant to achieve, needs to discussed first. The Telephone, like mentioned earlier, is a basis of fast and cost effective vocal communication from and within the workplace. A lot of thought we nt into allowing personal calls to be made and it was declared acceptable after sometime. However, cameras installed at workplaces are likely to bring into light any employee who is idling on the phone excessively. The employers are expected to trust the employees not to indulge in inappropriate activities on the phone and, thus, they generally refrain from overhearing or recording calls. This practice is not applicable to every organization due to the difference in nature of work for each. Where small advertising firms can have their employees talking about campaign designs, the central bank of any country can have its employees disclosing important information of policy changes that were discussed in a meeting. The latter will try to hamper such leak of confidential information by making it known to their employees that all phone calls are strictly screened and monitored. The internet, however, is a completely different ballgame. Transfer of information can be discreet and quicker , employees could indulge in cyber stalking which could lead to any form of harassment and a downfall in productivity, using of resources for activities that may bring a bad name to the organization like illegal downloading, embezzlement etc., the possibilities are endless. In a world where every organization goes head to head with each other on the maximum utilization of available resources, the focus has shifted from overall performance to hourly productivity. This means that organizations require their employees to refrain from activities that bring down their productivity level by wasting time (Kesan 289). On the other hand, it is

Many forms of Grief or your suggestion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Many forms of Grief or your suggestion - Essay Example Then his servants and finally his own family that his own son and daughters were not spared until finally Job was left nothing. The devil was ecstatic thinking that Job will break with the grief and suffering he is left with nothing because he will think that God has forsaken him. Indeed he felt pain and suffering and was at first angry asking why this happened to him. But eventually, he came to accept that everything has a reason and whatever happened to him is God’s will. His faith however was still intact despite of the trials he had been and still continued to love God. The devil was perplexed how can Job still love God despite what he had been through. Thereupon, God restored what was lost to Job for He saw that Job was a faithful servant of the Lord despite the trials he had been (Job’s Grief, nd). What Job went through can be likened to the Kubler-Ross five stage process of grief. First, he was in denial that all of his possession was taken from him because he wa s a faithful servant of the Lord. He was under the belief that he was under the protection of the Lord that no evil will come upon him. But evil did come and took away from him sparing him only his life. He went through the process of questioning why it happened to him and was upset albeit it was subtly expressed in the Bible. This stage was the anger stage of Elisabeth Kulber-ross whereby she posited that people experience anger after denial and this anger can come in many forms – either anger to oneself, others or anger with the situation (Axelrod, 2006). The third stage of Kulber-ross stage of grief may have been absent in the case of Jobs. He knew that he is dealing with mighty entities like God and therefore, he is not in a position to bargain or ask for concession and neither will God allow him to bargain as equal him only a mortal and a creation. The closest act that Job has done in this stage was to question why God allowed all those bad things to happen to him despit e him being a faithful servant. What Job went through the process in Kulber-ross stage of grief which is prominent in the Biblical account is the depression stage. This understandable because Job, despite his righteousness is still a man and therefore, vulnerable to pain especially when he lost his children and was left with nothing. It would be abnormal if Job did not feel depression when he lost his children just because he loved God. In the end, Job accepted his fate as the will of God and did not lose his faith. This stage is Kulber-ross acceptance stage whereby the grief process has been gone through and now accepting whatever caused the grief (Elizabeth Kubler Ross Grief Cycle model,nd ). This stage is providential to Job when he accepted his fate from God because he proved his faith and all that he lost was given back to him. My process of grieving almost followed Kulber-ross stage of grief with some stage more prominent than the other stage. But there is one thing that was n ot included in Kulber-ross process of grieving, that is my tendency to shut myself out when I do not feel good. I am not necessarily angry just like his stage of anger but would just like to spend time alone to think things over and to get over depression. Sometimes, I want to talk it to with friends just to unburden it off my chest. This stage is not in Kulber-ross but a lot of young people I know do this to deal with grief.