Assessment is the most powerful tool for learning

Appraisal in assorted signifiers has been in usage for a long clip, Wainer & A ; Braun 1988 study that insistent appraisal was in usage within China from about 2200 B.C. These trials were organised harmonizing to the rule that a little set of personal accomplishments measurings could bespeak how a individual was traveling to execute. However, within instruction, there is limited grounds for execution of dependable and valid appraisals of pupil public presentation before the morning of the twentieth century. Dochy, F. , & A ; McDowell, L. ( 1997 ) , Newton, P. ( 2010 ) , Black, P, Harrison, C, Lee, C, Marshall, B & A ; Wiliam, D ( 2003 ) all agree that instruction is recognised across the universe as possibly the most critical public service of all, and that within instruction, appraisal is indispensable to let all pupils to be given the educational support they require, and to let the pedagogue to find the effectivity of different educational methods within the pupils larning procedu re. Summational and formative appraisals can be identified as the cardinal methods by which instructors and other educational professionals gather grounds of pupil acquisition. This does non connote that there should be a pick between appraisal for larning ( formative appraisal ) and appraisal of acquisition ( summational appraisal ) , as both have instruction maps that support pupil accomplishment. Assessment for larning explores the possibility for accomplishment for acquisition by the pupil, and indicates the following measure to be taken in order to advance larning through the kineticss of instruction and acquisition, whereas, appraisal of acquisition shows what has been already achieved, memorised, absorbed and displays merely a limited snapshot of the current scholastic state of affairs. With the usage of appraisal for acquisition, learning professionals are able to supply penetrations into advancement that a pupil has achieved, and how the school and its staff have contributed to this development. Wiliam, D. and Leahy, S. ( 2007 ) indicates that the compelling issue is guaranting that the chosen type of appraisal best suits the educational acquisition end and intent of the pupil. If the educational intent is to better acquisition, so of course, appraisal for larning would be best suited. However, if the educational intent is to describe on a current state of affairs and to compare students against pre-determined criterions or other pupils, so appraisal of acquisition should be used. Although some tools used for both signifiers of appraisal may be the same, for illustration verbal inquiring, the cardinal issues emerging from the feedback provided by educational professionals Black, P, Harrison, C, Lee, C, Marshall, B & A ; Wiliam, D 2003 indicates that it is imperative to maintain focused on the fact that appraisal for larning purposes at bettering acquisition, whereas appraisal of larning purposes at mensurating public presentation of the pupils. Summational appraisal besides ensures answerability of educational constitutions and the professionals working within those constitutions. Professionals and cons Black, P. , et Al, ( 2003 ) tells us that although appraisal today can be placed within these two countries of formative and summational appraisal, their definitions may hold become confused in the past few old ages, peculiarly the definition of formative appraisal. Harlen, W. ( 2004 ) Indicates that a instructors ‘ deficiency of apprehension of the cardinal differences between appraisal for acquisition and appraisal of larning can take to confusion within the category room, and hinder educational advancement of the pupil if appraisal is non used in the right manner. ( Harlen, W. ( 2004 ) . Appraisal of acquisition may be conducted by professionals who are external to the school, for illustration educational inspectors, who may be required to supply a snapshot of an educational constitution at a peculiar point in clip. However, they may non ever know or understand the school context and life in the necessary item in order to supply a balanced appraisal. As seen late with the debut of conference tabular arraies ( dcsf.gov.uk 2009 ) , there is a high hazard of the incorrect type of appraisal being used to rate instructors, pupils and educational installations as successes or failures. Short-run summational public presentation appraisals may neglect to take history of the scene in which pedagogues and scholars map, taking to a spiral of â€Å" Teach to prove † methods where the lives of pupils and everyone involved in their instruction, progressively revolve around trials. Teachers hence narrow their course of study to learn to the trial, and school decision makers and the general populace are going score-obsessed. Appraisal for Learning ( formative appraisal ) is concerned with roll uping grounds about larning that is used to accommodate instruction and program following educational stairss. Evidence about acquisition is important as it indicates if there has been a displacement, or non, in the procedure of larning for a given pupil. On the footing of such grounds, instructors can explicate targets/goals and are able to supply pupils with feedback about their acquisition ( Hattie and Timperly, 2007 ) , clearly bespeaking to pupils non merely what they need to larn, but besides giving them information on how best they can larn it, hence lending to pupils ‘ contemplation on their ain acquisition. Recent research on the topic of appraisal and acquisition ( Black and Wiliam, 1998 ; Black et al. , 2002 ) provides strong grounds that appraisal can be used to better academic degrees and criterions, in peculiar, formative appraisal where pupils have a common apprehension of the marks they are dr aw a bead oning to make and how to make them can be an effectual tool to better acquisition. Black and Wiliam ( 1998 ) , Boud, D ( 1995 ) to boot reported that significant betterments in overall public presentation, in peculiar with low-attainers, could be successfully achieved where self appraisal was used to promote larning within those pupils. ( It is normally agreed that appraisal is one of the most powerful educational tools for advancing effectual acquisition ) . Both are needed In a balanced appraisal system, both summational and formative appraisals are an built-in portion of any information assemblage procedure about any pupil. Therefore, if an pedagogue depends excessively much on one or the other, so it could be said that the world of pupil accomplishment in the schoolroom is inaccurate. Teachers find themselves transforming their instruction as on-going appraisal reveals how pupils approach undertakings, what helps them larn most efficaciously, and what schemes support their acquisition. The more instructors understand about what pupils know and how they think, the more capacity they have to reform their instruction, and the more chances they create for pupil success. In a reappraisal of research on appraisal and schoolroom acquisition, commissioned by the The Nuffield Foundation, Professors Paul Black and Dylan William carried out over 250 surveies associating appraisal and acquisition ( Black, P.J. and William, D1998 ) . the surveies showed that thoughts designed to heighten the manner appraisal is used by instructors in the schoolroom to promote acquisition, can well increase the pupil ‘s accomplishment. The survey besides found grounds that the addition was even more likely to be significant for low-achieving pupils. The research besides showed that bettering larning through assessment depends on cardinal factors such as: effectual feedback by the instructor to the pupils, active engagement of pupils in their ain acquisition, accommodation of learning manners to take history of the consequences of appraisal, and a acknowledgment by the instructor that assessment influences the self-esteem and motive of pupils. However, the research besid es identified several inhibiting factors: a inclination for instructors to measure measure and presentation of work instead than the quality of acquisition, excessively much focal point on marker and scaling, which tended to take down the self-pride of pupils, and instead than giving advice and counsel on betterment there was a strong focal point on comparing pupils which demotivated and demoralised the less successful pupils. In this instance it could be said that instructors ‘ feedback to pupils served societal and control intents instead than assisting the pupils to larn more efficaciously, possibly due to instructors non cognizing plenty about their pupils ‘ acquisition demands and motive. More by and large, on pupil motive, Harlen W. , & A ; Deakin Crick R. ( 2002 ) carried out the most extended reappraisal of research in recent old ages on the consequence of summational proving. They found that those trials that were seen as â€Å" high bets † de-motivated many pupils. However, it has been argued that some pupils thrive in the face of nerve-racking challenges and in fact, external trials and scrutinies do motivate pupils to take what they are larning earnestly. Additionally, DFES 2007 tells us that the UK authorities has late suggested this, when suggesting debut of new trials. ( Roach, P. 1999 ) besides promotes the usage of summational equal appraisal, but to boot stresses the troubles faced by instructors in larning to release control of the appraisal procedure. The thought of turning over summational appraisal to pupils could be seen as debatable, but it has the potency for back uping deep acquisition within those pupils. The value of both ego and peer app raisal is discussed in Brown and Glasner 1999, who province that pupils are required to larn by prosecuting in assessed undertakings. Assessment is non peripheral to the larning undertaking or a necessary immorality to be endured, It is cardinal to the whole acquisition procedure. Assessment, including contemplation on their ain work and that of their equals, is the larning itself. Assessment should supply an drift for pupil acquisition and to boot a accelerator for brooding instruction patterns. Teacher accomplishments Therefore, it is cardinal to the development of appropriate appraisal that there must be a direct nexus between what is being â€Å" taught † and what is being â€Å" learned. † Both instructor and pupil must be able to place this nexus. As described by Lorin, W. et.al 2001, the instructor needs to guarantee that the undertaking both in footings of the instructional procedure and the topic aims, is relevant and valid to guarantee that the larning experience of the pupil will ensue in the building of new cognition through a procedure that assembles personally identified content and accomplishments. Therefore, all farther appraisal may be reinforced by clear and concise categorization of larning results by the instructor to the pupil. Similar to pupils, instructors are besides scholars as they examine multiple measurings of pupil attitude and public presentation, every bit good as degrees of satisfaction. As modern instruction moves towards formative appraisal, and pupils are no longer being educated to execute rote undertakings focused on cognition and apprehension, there is a greater demand for instructors be supported as they get extra acquisition and learning accomplishments as Godheads and users of formative appraisal. Bullard, P. and Taylor B.O. ( 1994 ) suggest that all instructors who integrate appraisal into their instruction do so in order to place where their pupils are in their acquisition, and the stairss they need to take for betterment and advancement. However, historically instructors were frequently expected to be inactive Jesuss of course of study pre-packaged by a Government section and, or a distant text edition publication company. The turning motion towards instructors being shapers and users of assessment informations reflects the displacement from instructor as educational assembly line workers, to the facilitators of life-time scholar. Formative appraisal, for illustration, is assessment that is designed to back up larning. In recent old ages the importance of implementing appraisal in this signifier has come to the head, mostly because of Black and William ‘s ( 1998 ) often cited reappraisal of their research and evidentiary notes. Black and William ‘s grounds strongly supported the effectivity of formative appraisal and its publicity of larning. In acknowledgment of this fact, over a proportionally short period of clip their research has been recognized as the manner frontward by a assortment of educationists and non least by instructors themselves. This grass roots growing in acceptance by the instruction and educational sphere was bolstered by research-based rules designed to supply a principle for schoolroom pattern ( ARG, 2002 ; Gardner, 2006 ) . In â€Å" The Socrates Syndrome – Questions that should ne'er be Asked † Campbell ( 1995 ) suggests that true instruction is a â€Å" life-time of seamless experience, linking single episodes into an of all time spread outing web of significance, penetration and apprehension. † But Campbell besides acknowledges that inquiring the sorts of inquiries that make this true instruction possible is endangering. However, in the eyes of many of today ‘s educational professionals, an extraordinary assortment of classroom-targeted enterprises has been unleashed on schools over the past decennary and more, all with the same general purpose, that of the betterment of pupil acquisition. Appraisal by instructors, whether formative or summational, is one of these developments that is considered to offer important potency for bettering pupils ‘ acquisition ( Black and Wiliam, 1998 ; Harlen, 2007 ) . Darling Hammond, ( 1996 ) suggest that the focal point needs to be about assisting instructors use appraisal as portion of instruction and acquisition in ways that will raise pupils ‘ accomplishment. the usage of formative appraisal, Sadler, D.R. ( 1998 ) tells us that the most successful acquisition takes topographic point when pupils have ownership of their acquisition, understand the marks they are taking to accomplish, are motivated, and have the applicable accomplishments and tools in topographic point to assist them accomplish success. Therefore, non merely are these the most indispensable characteristics of effectual daily acquisition in any schoolroom, they are the basis of successful womb-to-tomb acquisition for all pupils. With this in head, it appears that the most of import message now facing the educational community is that appraisal, which is explicitly designed to advance acquisition, is the individual most powerful tool we have for both raising criterions and a uthorising womb-to-tomb scholars. The value that appraisal can hold in the procedure of acquisition every bit good as for rating work and entering accomplishment has been widely recognised ( TGAT 1998 ) . ( It is normally agreed that appraisal is one of the most powerful educational tools for advancing effectual acquisition ) . In decision Promoting kids ‘s acquisition is a chief purpose of schools and that appraisal lies at the bosom of that procedure. Additionally assessment should be seen as powerful tool for larning and non entirely a political solution to comprehend jobs over educational criterions and answerability. it can be said that appraisal is one of the most powerful educational tools for advancing effectual acquisition. It is an built-in portion in the instruction and larning procedure across all degrees of instruction. Therefore, due to assessment being one of the most important and of import parts in the hereafter of pupils, there can be perfectly no uncertainty that any assessment system now or in the hereafter will hold a major make up one's minding factor in what pupils learn and the manner in which they carry out that larning. Hence appraisal will besides find the manner in which instruction professionals teach and what they teach. But as antecedently stated, appraisal is non merely about rating and transporting out scrutinies. It is besides about constructing a instruction relationship with pupils and the quality of the pupils larning and with that, to utilize that cognition and apprehension to heighten the pupils larning experience. Therefore it can be said that appraisal is unamb iguously one of the chief constituents of the instruction and acquisition procedure. It is hence of the most importance that all instructors are familiar non merely with the proficient facets of the different signifiers of appraisal presently in usage but besides with their advantages and restrictions in the current instruction sphere.

Toyota Etios Consumers behavior

More for less positioning strategy has been used. Toyota is offering more benefits at a less price. It is the most trustworthy brand name. The very limited numbers in which it will be sold, which means that if a person have one of these then he/she will be only one of 900 people In a country of over a billion to own It. B) Is the new product evolved because of changing consumer behavior? Toyota has been known forIts commitment towards the changing customer requirements so the new Egos Exclusive has been introduced to bring in freshness and exclusivity to the existing product. Toyota has also launched its car in both petrol and diesel. Consumers who are looking for aspects such as reliability and fuel efficiency are now also giving great preference to technology when buying and driving an automobile so Toyota has designed this car keeping In mind the preference of the buyers. Previous Otiose faced lots of criticism for Its unlearning design and below par quality of the Interiors butOt iose Exclusive have all the essential elements that were previously missing and it is now more impressive to look at and provide a great driving experience. C) Resulted modification in the consumer behavior. Otiose with its latest model and new alluring features is getting great attention from the customers. The exclusive limited offer of providing only 900 cars In a country of population over a billion Is also helping Toyota In gaining customers Interest. Tells headlamp and ROVE. The Otiose Exclusive also has a new Bluetooth Audio system and s based on the G grade of the current lineup.Otiose Exclusive being launched in both petrol and diesel is also attracting people interested in either of two. Toyota has also kept in mind the preference of the customers for fuel efficient car and has accordingly designed the product, thus making it a fuel efficient car. This along with various features of Otiose Exclusive has managed to attract lots of customers and has resulted in booking of ca rs in advance. D) Customization of marketing mix Elements of marketing mix PRICE List Price: RSI. Sacs to 7. 1 lacksCredit Terms- Toyota Financial Services is offering Otiose Exclusive customers an exclusive opportunity to avail a 100% on road funding for seven years on a zero down payment scheme. Discount- Otiose Exclusive owners will also be offered a free Smile Service Package which will get them a 50% discount on service related to value added services. PRODUCT- Otiose exclusive new front full-chrome grille, new chrome garnish on the titillate, headlamp and ROVE. The Otiose Exclusive also has a new Bluetooth Audio system and is based on the G grade of the current lineup.Toyota is offering this car n two existing colors – Classic Grey and Symphony Silver. Service- Toyota Financial Services is offering Otiose Exclusive customers an exclusive opportunity to avail a 100% on road funding for seven years on a zero down payment scheme. Toyota has also worked on reducing the time taken to service a vehicle through Toyota Express Maintenance Service which has brought down the servicing time to Just 60 minutes. Quality- Toyota Otiose Exclusive is offering superior ride and handling quality.

Profiling of Street Crime in Philippines Essay

Introduction Street crime is – criminal activity that happens in a public place usually in a town or city, for example stealing people’s personal possessions or snatching, vandalisms, theft, physical injury and extortion. Street Crimes are usually committed in outdoors and it can be happen in strange or to an unfamiliar places. It can even take place to your own community. Street Crimes can be done in many different forms such as pick-pocketing, bag, necklaces, earrings and gadget snatching, car theft, motorcycle theft and even hit and run and many other related criminal acts that takes place within a street. (http://www.thepoc.net/thepoc-features/buhay-pinoy/buhay-pinoy-features/15180-how-to-protect-yourself-from-street-crimes.html). These Street crimes are very wide spread in the area of responsibility in of DV-Soria, police community precinct 01. Criminals usually choose to commit these crimes in a specific places and specific times to attack their victims. Does the street crime only exist in the night time? Or, does the street crime is rampant in day time? Who are the usual victims of street crimes? Male or Female ? Young or adults ? These questions will be answered by means of this study. Actually, the researcher was a victim of this street crime. Way back then, when he was in high school his class schedule ends at night time and he could still remember the time when he was walking alone along the Velez St. heading home to Capt. Vicente Roa St., there was a group of people who blocked his way and threatened him while asking a big amount of money, but he have nothing to do but to give what he has. Being a victim of Street Crimes is not a good experience, at first it could leave a trauma to the victim such as being afraid to walk alone in the evening especially if there is a group of people gathering to a particular area. Everyone could be a victim of Street Crimes especially all of us go out to our houses. The researcher decided to pursue the study of street crimes received in police station 01 because it was introduced by his instructor and he wanted to know how it contributes outcome in our community in terms of the percentage of crime volume. The Community Precinct 01 was placed in the heart of the city along Abejuela /T. Neri /Burgos Sts, Cagayan de Oro city. Station is one of the very high populated areas in Cagayan de Oro because of the affordable items in stores and many other business establishments which bring a large number of people to visit the place. The Police Station No.01 (PS 01), formerly Operation Kahusay ug Kalinaw (OKK), is located at the heart of the city along Abejuela /T. Neri /Burgos Sts., this city, with the boundaries from North – Barangay 17 and 18, South – Barangay 01, West – Carmen River and East – Barangay 03. PS 01 composed of Twenty (20) Urban Barangays from 01 to 20 with a total land area of ninety three point seven hundred twenty five (93.725) hectares. Based on present statistics, it is inhabited by more or less 18,446 inhabitants. Vital installations located in the Area Of Responsibility (AOR), Twenty Nine (29) commercial establishment and Four (04) government banks, Three (03) churches, Fifteen (15) government offices, One (01) water reservoir, One (01) mall, Three (03) communication towers and Four (04) private hospitals.. In the Independent Variables of this study includes the: Classification of Street Crimes Theft / pick pocketing: Is an act where any person taking the property belonging to another person without force or violence. Any person who steals objects or items from the pocket or shoulder-bags of the other person in a public places or of any establishments along the street. Physical Injury: is an act of any person inflecting pain, damage, harm or hurt to another person. Robbery / Extortion: The act of securing, seeking, money or favors by means of threat, blackmail or intimidation. Hit & Run: It involved in or denoting a motor-vehicle accident in which the driver leaves the scene without stopping and give assistance to the harmed or injured person, or give information to the police. Vandalism: Is an act of a certain person writing the wall or any part of the establishment by use of paint, coal, of any forms of writing instrument by destruction. In the dependent variables of this study includes the: profiles of street crime victims Profile of Victims: refers to the profile of any person or individual being injured, extorted, snatched, pick-pocketed, and more being stated in the independent variables. Age of the Victim: Refers to the age of the victim during the incident, if the common victims are children, teenagers, adult or even old. Gender of the Victim: corresponds to the sex of any person and which is integrated in this study to see the usual victims of street crimes. MALE: refers to a boy [Masculine] FEMALE: refers to a girl [Feminine] Time of Incident: refers to the time when crime was committed if it is dawn, morning, noon, afternoon, evening and midnight, it is being included to this study to discover what time usually a certain street crime will occur. Date of Incident: Refers to the month of the incident when crime was being committed, and it is included in this study to determine what month, a certain street crime will be having a large number of existence. Location of Incident: Refers to the Address or place were the crime was committed, and it is included in this study to identify which place of the community precinct 02 area of responsibility crime was much uncontrolled. Statement of the problem This research studied the classification of street crimes from January to December in the year 2011. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions. 1.What is the most extensive street crime in the area of responsibility in Police Station 02 in the year of 2011 and 2012. a.Theft / Pick Pocketing b.Physical Injury c.Robbery / Extortion d.Hit & Run e.Vandalism 2.What is the profile of victims in each street crimes in terms of a.Age of the Victim b.Gender of the Victim c.Time of Incident d.Date of Incident e.Location of Incident Significance of this study The objective of this study is to collect information or data on the classification of street crimes received in police station 02 in the year 2012 and to be a reference of the for future researcher for related studies and compare the volume of street crimes before and nowadays in the record of police stations specifically in station 02, next is to present to the community precinct 02 the exact place and time were a certain crime is over exceeding. PNP Personnel, this study will serve as the basic guidelines of the police personnel to perform their job well and to be more alert to a certain area in a certain time; it will also help them to make plans for their future action in preventing the occurrence of the street crimes. To Community, On the other hand the police community relation could disseminate the information to its community and make the civilians aware to the existence of such street crime existing to a specific area and time, and to avoid being a victim of it. Barangay Officials, the local government unit will also be alert and Should deploy barangay police to a specific place where a high incidence of street crime is existing in order to maintain the peace and order and prevent those criminal minds in committing such street.

A Closer Look at Nashville TN Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Closer Look at Nashville TN - Research Paper Example As the discussion highlights  Tennessee infant mortality rate per 1000 live births was 7.4. This was a significant drop by 22% compared to 2003. Based on the 2011 records, the number of white infant deaths was 361 with a mortality rate of 6.0, whereas, the number of black infant deaths was 211 with a rate of 12.8 per live births. The leading causes of infant death in the state were birth defects, preterm birth and low birth-weight and accidents. The accidental deaths were majorly owing to strangulation and suffocation that tended to occur in bed. The 5th leading cause of death in infants is the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.This essay discusses that there are some identifiable risk factors contributing to the prevalence of the top five diseases. Environmental factors such as air pollution contribute to the prevalence of heart disease, cancer and lung disease. Other risk factors include smoking, obesity, physical inactivity and a poor diet. The risk factors identified in Tennessee ar e similar to national and local records. Since 2005-2013, smoking in the country remained fairly stable at 25% among adults with a 15.7% decline among the youths. Obesity also remained fairly stable at 35% in adults and 17% in youths. Similarly, also obesity ranks high in Tennessee across all ethnic groups and ages.  A number of epidemiological methods are used in the gathering of data. For example, the morbidity survey that focuses on the collection of morbidity data of both the sick and the well.

My Abilities in Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

My Abilities in Finance - Essay Example I resented what I saw as her painful pre-occupation with money. I told myself often that I would not grow up to be like her, at least when it came to housekeeping. On my 15th birthday, my mother gave me a small present. Thrilled, I ripped open the package, but waiting inside for me was something I wasn’t looking forward to and had never really wanted. It was a housekeeping book, the same as my mothers, only smaller. Although I hated it I had no choice but to use it. It was a present from my mother, after all, and I did not want to hurt her feelings. From that day on, whenever she was keeping her book, I would pretend to update mine too. This so-called â€Å"pretend bookkeeping† however, soon became one of my daily activities, without realizing it myself. Even in school, I would meticulously keep track of my expenses, and my pocket money. Soon, I realized that I had more and more money to spare, because knowing where my money was being spent actually helped me save a great deal, without making too many compromises. Just as I had thought before about my mother, my friends began to call me, â€Å"stingy.† I did not care, I cou ld see I was saving money, and a penny saved was a penny earned. It was almost magical. I realized the value of regularly keeping track of money, I was very aware of the money I had and made specific plans on how to spend it. I knew what I could do without in life, and what I wanted to get, and used my money accordingly. In fact, I was hoping that I could help my friends increase their savings. It was during this time that I became greatly interested in the study of finance, because I realized that making money was a whole lot about discipline, and to master the art, one had to study it. Next year on my birthday, I was lucky enough to meet someone through my mother who was working in the finance industry.           Ã‚  

Leading in Service Neutrality' (Chick-fil-A) Essay

Leading in Service Neutrality' (Chick-fil-A) - Essay Example Our business has been embedded on the foundation reputation based on trust and confidence from our customers. Similarly, the historical good performance of our business has been enhanced by the emphasis on quality service provision to our customers. We therefore need to strengthen our reputation by endorsing a comprehensive code of ethics for our company. This will ensure that certain gaps in various aspects of service delivery are addressed effectively. Since the success of our business is reputation dependent, we have a responsibility of ensuring that our reputation is fully protected. We are demanded to carry out our underlying business with integrity and ensure that our actions conform to our customers’ expectations. The ultimate solution to this is the adoption of the code of conduct that will guide us in the achievement of our dream. The top management is committed to compliance to this code of ethics. The owners of Chick-fil-A have decided to adopt his code is to incorporate professional ethics in the daily activities of our company. Professional ethics ensures quality service provision, conducting business with utmost integrity and the ultimate treatment of our customers with respect they deserve. Consequently, the reputation of the business shall be enhanced. The code of ethics is thus intended to enhance the reputation of the business, a factor that acts as a prerequisite to the success of any profit making organization (Walker, 2008). Code of ethics is a document that clearly defines that accepted behavior of employees in an organization and the relationship that exist between the business and its external environment. The code of ethics outlines the acceptable behavior of the employees while serving the customers. It provides for the actions against employees who violate such set codes of ethics. Within the

Creativity and Innovation at Gunstones Bakery Essay

Creativity and Innovation at Gunstones Bakery - Essay Example Creativity is defined by Steve Jobs as â€Å"Creativity is just connecting things† (Wolf, 2011). But the question is: Is creativity so simple to be defined as â€Å"connecting things† that has been defined by the greatest innovator of the time, Steve Jobs, or there is any complex method behind the innovation and creativity. The incidental perception of creativity is also questioned for not being intentional. The assignment elaborates the concept of innovation and creativity to the groups and individuals in Gunstones and what does these exactly means in terms of Gunstones competitive abilities to develop and expand. The assignment’s standpoint will be from a worker’s view who is currently working in Gunstones bakery and who happens to be my brother Jabaar Khan. As I lack in work experience I could not fulfil the criteria to complete the assessment and thus I took help of my brother as the source of my assignment. The advantage of using my brother’s e xperience has helped in preparing a bias free assignment (Adair, 2007). Thus the third party perception on my brother’s experience and his organisation will permit me to inspect into the detailed picture of the organisation and how the worker and the organisation work hand in hand with prejudice (Arnold, 1956). My brother works in the Gunstones Bakery factory which supplies packed food for Marks & Spencer’s. His experience over there and the background of the company (See Appendix 1) can be recorded by ‘The Cultural Web’ (Johnson and Scholes, 1999) representing the factory’s routine process which is known as the ‘taken-for-granted assumptions’ (Johnson and Scholes, 1999). Before proceeding towards the assessment, creativity and innovation should be defined. But it can be seen that all the definitions of creativity has two aspects which are either process oriented (Dewett, 2004) or outcome oriented (Amabile, 1996). Creativity is defined as the production of novel and resourceful ideas in any of the domain. Amabile has said that a creative idea or a product is something that is not done before but it fulfils the desired purpose. Amabile has also defined innovation as the â€Å"successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization† and these definition has been accepted by Cook who has found the linkage between the two as the ideas (creativity) must be proficient enough (Cook, 1998) to be converted into successful actions (innovation). OPPORTUNITIES AND INHIBITORS OF CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION ALSO THEIR IMPACT ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCES COMPONENTIAL MODEL The ‘Componential Model’ which is given in Figure 1 consists of the 3 major influential factors of the opportunity that is important for creativity. The factors are expertise, creative thinking and the intrinsic task motivation which are in built in teams and individual. Figure 1: Componential Model Source: (Amabile, 1996) EXPEPT ISE OPPORTUNITY ‘Expertise factor’ consists of foundation of factual knowledge, proficiencies

Communication strategy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Communication strategy - Term Paper Example Purpose for the communication strategy B. Mission of the company C. Situation analysis D. Business objectives E. Communication goals and objectives F. Key themes and messages G. Conclusion and recommendation Through the sections listed above, a strategy based on internal communication, media relations and partners-stakeholders communication is presented. Thank you. A. Purpose Due to globalization and rapid economic growth, multinational firms are becoming very prevalent. Due to this, managers are faced by intercultural communication challenges. According to Hofstede (1980), culture is the software of the mind and as such it has the ability to influence behaviors and thinking patterns of people. The way people function and interact in their day to day lives is a product of mental conditioning. . According to Steyn (2000), communication offers the only way by which team members can work together to achieve the goals of an organization. B. Mission This plan aims at increasing the brand awareness of the company’s merchandise in the Canadian market. The company has garnered a lot of success in Russia and Finland has not ventured much into the Canadian market. The company thus intends to penetrate the Canadian sports industry by supplying hockey sticks. The company has already signed contracts with various Canadian sporting goods chains that will begin selling their merchandise in February 2014. While the Canadian stores will handle the point-of-sale marketing, it is important for the company to raise awareness of its goods in Canada thus creating the foundation for a strong market share. C. Situation Analysis The most important issue affecting the company is the lack of an effective marketing base in Canada. While the company has had some success in other company, entry to a new market with vastly different cultural background may prove difficult. Basically, the company has to contend the cultural gap between the two countries while also proving that their me rchandise is up to par. By instituting these changes, the company itself will experience substantial growth. Communication effectiveness will also make it easier for point-of-sale marketing efforts to progress much better. Internal communication in the company is also set to improve thus improving the overall position of the company. Some of the communication issue that the company wishes to address re as follows. First, the company has to improve communication between the parent company in Pohang, Korea and various partners all over Canada. The second communication issue is raising the awareness of the Canadian market on the company’s merchandise. Finally, the company seeks to set up an effective communication channel with its shareholders thus ensuring the financing of marketing efforts progresses smoothly. At the moment, the company has access to a lot many communication infrastructures. The advent of the internet has enabled communication efforts to be simplified at a che aper price. National media such as newspapers, television and stadium electronic boards provide another avenue the company can utilize. The implementation of the company’s communication efforts is best implemented by the Canadian section of the company. The company can utilize its various partners in Canada in order to develop an effective communications team that has a better grasp of the Canadian economic and social scene. The communication strategies employed will only be deemed successful if the

Firm's Operating Cycle vs Cash Conversion Cycle Essay

Firm's Operating Cycle vs Cash Conversion Cycle - Essay Example duration of the cycle by adding together each of these elements.† An greater operating cycle implies that the business will need more working capital and with high working capital will lead to high inventory-carrying cost, this is inclusive of interest payments, thus the firm has greater opportunity cost because it is incapable to invest its funds in high fund investments projects. It is thus advisable to have low operating cycles because there will be more completed cycles in a year, this will lead the business to make greater gross and net profits annually. This is the time (number of days) interval between the time a firm purchases an inventory until the inventory is sold and cash is received from the buyer (accounts recoverable). In other words it is the total time taken by a firm or a business to covert purchases into cash from consumers of the product. Cash conversion process gives imminent into the financial stability of a company, this is because it gives time period during which assets are committed to business processes and therefore are not available to invest to achieve even greater returns. The little the time period to collect cash from sales made in credit the better for the firm, this is because; for a shorter cycle gives the business quick asses to cash, the cash can be used by the business to purchase additional stock or may be used to pay debt to suppliers of the firm. It is therefore of great significance for a firm to have systems that facilitates shorter conversation cycles. This is achieved by speeding the customers to pay up their debts while the firm slows down payments to its suppliers. Cash conversation cycle can also be negatively used by large organization that have a huge market command share whereby they change the payment days to supplies anyhow. The model that a firm’s management adopts is very crucial for achievement of the firm’s final profits. When an organization allows short interval of its operating cycle it means

CRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CRM - Essay Example 1. Introduction Is the customer always right? The customer may be the king, but is it worth pursuing to retain all the customer accounts? These are some of the dilemmas an organisation face, especially when a customer relationship have entered a cul-de-sac. The basic premise of customer relationship management is about attracting, developing, maintaining and retaining profitable customers over a period of time (Massey et al., 2001). Figure 1: The basic premise of customer relationship management Adapted from source: Massey et al., (2001) 2.Theoretical underpinning Payne and Frow (2005) delineate functional dimension of CRM and stated that it concerns with creating improved shareholder value through development of appropriate relationships with key customers and customer segments by making a fusion of the potential of relation marketing strategies with IT to create profitable, long-term relationships with customers and other key stakeholders. ... re 2: The service profit model suggested by Bentum and Stone (2005) Source: (Hussain et al., 2009, p.120) From the figure above, the service profit chain (SPC) is evident and urges that the value creation process is indeed a horizontal cross-functional process, rather than standalone views contained within each function (Heskett et al., 1994). Behind the theoretical underpinning of CRM, a major vector is to be able to fight competition; and an enterprise after implementing the CRM system should be profitable and add to shareholder’s value. However, at the core of the CRM remains the customer which must be attracted, developed, maintained, and retained in a profitable way. But does it mean that all the customers to be retained for as long as possible? Should the organisation pursue it with obsession? Saubert’s (2011) case study on â€Å"Which accounts are worth keeping?† provides a clue to this question. Saubert suggests that there should be a fruitful communion o f attrition propensity and profitability models (Saubert, 2011). Studying in the context of Australian Banks for credit card holders, Saubert opine that while devising customer retention strategies, firms should weigh the value earned from each customer. The firm’s CRM strategy needs to be guided by answer to two fundamental questions: Figure 3: Two fundamental question that must guide a firm's CRM strategy Adapted from source: (Saubert, 2011) Saubert (2011) opines that while firms usually strive to increase customer loyalty and reduce attrition but tend to overlook these two questions. The Performance Improvement Council (2008) states that in an ideal world, loyal long term customer relationships would eventually evolve towards partnerships and quotes Michael LeBoeuf, author of How to Win Customers & Keep

Discuss these abstracts in the context of academic research and recent Essay

Discuss these abstracts in the context of academic research and recent developments in audit regulation and practice - Essay Example ted in the financial statements can be termed to be material if its omission or misrepresentation can have an effect on the decision-making process among the users of these records (Ndreca, 2013, pp 350). In simple definition, materiality in financial accounting is the intolerable misstatements that are embedded in the financial statements with the intention of justifying a non-existent transaction (Dodaro, 2013, pp419). In other words, materiality is the intolerable or unacceptable errors which cannot be ignored because they have a greater effect on the financial information represented in the records (Brannan & Gray, 2005, pp26). These errors are huge hence, when neglected; they may lead to big losses of the firm’s resources. This paper explores the concept of materiality in the financial accounting showing the importance of materiality in auditing process, the main development of the concepts of materiality over time. Materiality can be categorized into two; quantitative materiality and qualitative materiality. Quantitative materiality is the actual financial value that a certain misstatement can cause to the organization. On the other hand, qualitative materiality can be just a mere statement that has either misled certain transaction (Brannan & Gray, 2005, pp41). Accountants and management teams in most cases misstate the financial information to conceal particular information not to be known by the shareholders for their own benefits. Sometimes, certain information may qualify to be material without the intention or knowledge of the accountants and the management (Brannan & Gray, 2005, pp26). Therefore, the auditors have the task of exploring all the financial records and scrutinize them to establish, justify and certify that the information represented in them is quite relevant to the true status of the organization (Dodaro, 2013, pp419). Any deviation should be investigated to establish whet her it can amount to the material or can have an effect on

Suicide is a violation of religious teaching Essay Example for Free

Suicide is a violation of religious teaching Essay Nearly all religions across the world would believe that suicide is a sin against God and that it definitely violates religious teaching. In examining this view, a good place to start is the Christian view on the sanctity of life. Christians believe that all are made in the image of God – imago dei – and that there is an inherent sanctity to human life. Killing is prohibited as part of the Decalogue, where it states, â€Å"do not kill.† This extends to killing yourself. Elsewhere in the Old Testament there are other verses that can be used to prove that suicide violates religious teaching, such as in Ecclesiastes 7:17 where it states, â€Å"be not foolish, why should you die before your time?† Further evidence can be found in the New Testament, where Jesus declares that we are, â€Å"worth much more than sparrows.† To a Christian, life is a precious gift and cannot be thrown away, especially by suicide. Church fathers have generally been against suicide and they believe that it is a violation of religious teaching. Augustine was one of the first to speak out against it in his book City of God. He wrote that, â€Å"to kill oneself is a homicide, and he is much guiltier of his own death.† Aquinas, another church father, put forward three arguments on why he believes that suicide is contrary to religious teaching. Firstly, he said it went against natural law. Natural law would state that we should let life end the natural way that God intended it to, and to end it prematurely is sin. Secondly, suicide can have a negative effect on the person’s community. Finally, suicide is a sin against God because it is a final act of defiance and it is a fundamental mistrust of God and his providence. On the other hand, certain types of suicide could be considered compatible with religious teaching, such as altruistic suicide. The act of self-sacrifice, or martyrdom, is glorified in many religions. In the Bible Jesus says that, â€Å"greater love has no man than this, than to lay down his life for his friends.† An Old Testament example of this is Samson, who killed himself along with the Philistines when he brought down a temple. Furthermore, it could be argued that suicide is not against religious teaching because it is the result of profound mental illness that is not the believer’s fault. In the past the church has been guilty of viewing physical and mental illness differently. Even today many fundamentalist churches would believe that illnesses such as depression are spiritual battles rather than actual illness and would discourage people from taking medication. In the light of high profile suicides such as Rick Warren’s son Matthew, many Christian leaders are speaking out about the need to view mental illness on the same level as physical illness, and not simply to call it a sin. To do otherwise will prevent believers from getting proper treatment and will just increase the likelihood of suicide. To conclude, if one truly believes that God is in control of their life then it would be a violation of their religion to commit suicide. However, it is also the duty of the religious believer to be compassionate towards those that are suffering and they should try and tackle the root causes of suicide rather than simply condemning it.

A report on recruitment and selection process for the recruiting

A report on recruitment and selection process for the recruiting 1a) Describe a suitable recruitment and selection process for Barretts Carvery. The owners of Barretts Carvery a traditional pub restaurant are interested in expanding their menu by offering other hot plates such as hot pots, stew, and dumplings. Presently the restaurant offers a number of options, including the traditional dinner, vegetarian dinner, and childrens dinner. This report describes the recruitment, selection, and retention process for the three additional employees needed to expand the restaurants menu, along with recommendations to build a wining team, ensure effective leadership, and identify work and development needs for Barretts Carvery. RECRUITMENT PROCESS According to EDWIN FLIPPO Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective employees, and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization (Draft and Marcic, 2008). The recruitment process begins with identifying the need for staff, which usually derives from the human resources plan. Barretts Carvery has identified the need for three additional staff to assist in the kitchen and to be servers. For every organization it is important to have the right person in the right position. When the wrong person for the position is hired, it typically results in having to refill the position again. Time, money, and energy are lost during this downtime, as well as additional recruiting and training costs. It hurts a company to have an open position in several ways, including loss of productivity, frustration of continuous retraining and inability to progress with company initiatives. Bad hires may also result in good employees leaving the company, creating an even greater turnover p roblem (Main, 2009). The key objective is to be cost effective in the numbers, and quality of employees required fulfilling the human resources needs of an organization. Today, recruiting is sometimes referred to as talent acquisition to reflect the importance of the human factor in the organizations success. (Draft and Marcic, 2008). It is important for Barretts Carvery to get a clear picture of what kind of individuals are needed which can be accomplished by designing a job description along with a person specification. A job and persons description is an organized process of gathering and interpreting information about the essential duties, tasks, and responsibilities of the job to be performed. A persons specification or job specification is vital to any organization as it enables the company to find the perfect person- to-job-fit, (Scribd, 2010). Moreover, it is also important that the skills, aptitudes, and knowledge outlined in the person specification are directly related to the needs of the job: if this is not so expectations will not be met, and both employers and employees will be disappointed (Scribd, 2010). The following job and person descriptions are recommended for the positions of a Server and Kitchen Assistant for Barretts Carvery to assist in their recruitment and selection process. JOB SPECIFICATION FOR SERVER JOB TITLE: Server DEPARTMENT: Dining REPORTS TO: Dining Section Manager OBJECTIVES: Our goal is to be professional and courteous at all times, to provide our customer the best services in order to gain a competitive edge, and to ensure total customer satisfaction. Servers are the first contact for our customers as such you must greet them in a professional and courteous manner in attempt to make Barretts Carvery the number one choice restaurant. (Food and Beverage Underground 2007-2008) Basic functions includes but not limited to: Serves Guests quickly and professionally Should have an excellent knowledge of the menus Maintains sections, and keep tables clean Essential functions: Work without supervision Polish all silverware and glassware used for services Approach Guests, warmly welcome and seat them at the next assigned table Introduce the beverage and food menu in a friendly and enthusiastic manner Accurately take orders Follow all safety and sanitation regulations Accurate calculation when preparing check Clear tables and reset them during shift Any other duties that may be assigned to you by your manager PERSON SPECIFICATION FOR SERVER   JOB TITLE: Server   DEPARTMENT: Dining Education, Training and Qualifications Knowledge High School Diploma Basic Math Skills Work experiences in a Restaurant Must hold a valid Food Hygiene certificate Skills and Aptitudes Speak fluent English Language Ability to communicate effectively Must be able to take directions Capable of working in Teams Must be able to work calmly in crisis Must possess problem solving abilities Non-essential requirements Ability to speak fluent Spanish Server Certification or training SERVER JOB DESCRIPTION Taking Orders, the server will be responsible for taking customer orders, organizing them, and keeping time of the course of the order. (Food and Beverage Underground 2007-2008) Working Environment, you are responsible for keeping your section clean and organized; silverwares and glasses spotless; change table cloths and dust chairs when necessary. (Food and Beverage Underground 2007-2008) Clearing of utensils, you are to replace needed utensils right away after cleaning a plate; be pro active by pre-setting utensils before your guest needs it. (Food and Beverage Underground 2007-2008) Be visible, you are to ensure that your guest can get your attention easily; keep surveying you section for jobs that need to be done. (Food and Beverage Underground 2007-2008) Menu, familiarize yourself with the menu and your specials, it is important for you to know what is offered to better sell the product. (Food and Beverage Underground 2007-2008) Check out, after organizing and calculating the check you are required to take it to the manager on duty who will review and approve same. (Food and Beverage Underground 2007-2008) Based on the job description, job and person specification Barretts Carvery should conduct an internal assessment to determine whether or not their needs can be met from existing staff resources through retraining or redevelopment. If these needs can be filled internally, the company should advertise the positions internally. Internal recruiting has several advantages: It is less costly than external search, and it generates higher employee commitment, development, and satisfaction because it offers opportunities for career advancement to employees rather than outsiders (Draft and Marcic, 2008). The simple monetary aspect of promoting qualified employees is the most obvious advantage. The costs associated with recruiting and training a new employee can be significantly higher than filling that position by promoting from within. A newly hired employee must take time to become acclimated to the corporate environment and learn the daily routines and minutiae that is already second natur e to an already employed worker (Sexton, 2007). Sexton went on to mentioned, depending upon the intricacies involved, its not unusual for it take several weeks or even months for a new employee to fully learn and acclimate himself to the company culture and become productive. By contrast, an employee already familiar with the company may be fully productive in a new position within a matter of days. In addition, the company will be better able to determine the psychological state of those already employed than it can of workers from outside the company (Sexton, 2007). Although there are some advantages with internal recruiting frequently , however external recruiting is advantageous, applicants are available through a variety of outside sources, including advertising, state employment services, online recruiting services, private employment agencies, job fairs and employee referrals (Draft and Marcic, 2008). If the vacancies cannot be filled internally then Barretts Carvery should begin its recruitment process by advertising externally. If no suitable applicants are identified after advertising then the company can opt to re-advertise, or redesign the job and person specification. SELECTION PROCESS On receipt of applications for the position Barretts Carvery should create shortlist in an attempt to determine which applicants are most suitable to fill the position; this commences the selection process. The selection process is the process of determining the skills, abilities, and other attributes a person needs to perform a particular job (Daft Marcic, 2008). The next step would be to select desired candidates from the shortlist of recruited applicants, and conduct interviews or assessment tests for the potential candidates. The suitability of the potential candidates can be assessed by various methods such as the use of application forms, interviews, tests, and assessment centers (Daft Marcic, 2008). In identifying suitable candidates, Barretts Carvery can use applications form to obtain information about persons applying for the position. The application form generally includes education, past job experiences, and personalities of the potential candidate. However, when reviewing application forms, Barretts Carvery should pay attention to questions specifically related to the position posted, so as not to create any undesirable outcome, and ensure there are no discriminatory practices. In addition to the information on the application forms, Barretts Carvery can also use the information garnered during the interview process. According to BusinessDictionary (2007-2010), an interview is a somewhat formal discussion between two parties in which information is exchanged. For a business looking to fill an open job position, an employer might interview potential candidates to gain a better understanding of their backgrounds, qualifications, and skills. Some organizations place major emphasis on the interview process. Google a popular search engine, for example, it could take an applicant anywhere from four to a dozen interviews before they get a shot at working with this company (Tay, 2006). Interviews are considered the most common method used in the selection process. Interviews give the interviewer an opportunity to meet the applicants face to face and see what the person is like and would be able to assess the applicants personalities (CIPD, revised 2010). It is recommended that Barretts Carvery conduct face-to-face interviews which will allow the company the opportunity to assess the applicants in person. Employment test can also play an important role in Barretts Carverys selection process. Employment tests are designed to assess applicants on particular characteristics like intelligence, skills, and other abilities. These tests can be written or computer-based (Daft Marcic, 2008). Today, about 50 percent of all companies ask candidates to answer questions that aim to measure their success at particular jobs for which they apply, industry experts said. Tests generally fall into three categories: cognition and ability tests, which measure an innate capability or intelligence; simulations and skill tests, which measure facts that a person knows; and personality and other indicator tests, which measure values and the right orientation for a specific job (Joyce, 2006). When creating its short list, Barretts Carvery, should ensure that the applicants selected must match the person specification to avoid costs of hiring the wrong persons. The final stage in Barretts Carverys selection process would be to confirm the offer to the selected applicants, who are then sent to undergo a medical for the purpose of pension, life insurance, or to ensure a certain level of physical fitness that may be required to carry out the job. The management of Barretts Carvery should then prepare the contract of employment. 1b) what benefits could Barretts Carvery offer the staff in order for them to remain within the organization? RETENTION Retaining employees is critical in any business. Employee turnover can become problematic especially in areas where skills are relatively scarce, recruitment is costly, or when it takes a long period to fill a vacancy. While employee turnover can be beneficial in some instances by replacing an underperforming employee with a more productive one, it can also have a negative impact such as the lost of productive employees to the competitors. In increasing its staff complement, Barretts Carvery must also ensure that the restaurant retains its current employees which can be accomplished by offering carious employee benefits (CIPD, 2009). EMPLOYEES BENEFITS Employee benefits are elements of remuneration given in addition to the various forms of cash pay. Employees benefits can also include items that are not strictly remuneration, such as annual holidays. (Armstrong, 2006). Employee benefits and their objectives may differ from one organization to another, certainly in the case of restaurants where little or no benefits are offered. According to Food Services Warehouse (2009), wages and salaries vary slightly from restaurant to restaurant, even for the same position. However, restaurant worker wages are different depending on the type of restaurant, the geographical location, and the worker responsibilities Restaurants are one of the businesses known to pay less than minimum wage, and the benefits are what the employees depend on which is sometimes minimal (Food Services Warehouse 2009). The most common restaurant employee benefits are said to be tips, meals, and paid time off. Although tips are often considered a benefit of working in a restaurant, many servers and bartenders would most likely consider it part or their income. (Food Services Warehouse 2009) Based on the fact that tips is not paid by the employer but rather by the customers, tips may not be considered a reliable benefits by some employees, especially in none elite restaurant such as Barretts Carvery. As tips are sometimes supported by the customers perception of the quality of services received, one recommendation Barretts Carvery can employ to retain employees is making gratuity mandatory. Mandatory gratuity which is then pass on to the respective employee, may give the employees a sense of security of receiving this benefit. However, gratuity, from personal experiences, can be problematic especially at times when the service rendered is abysmal. In cases were services are found deficient, Barretts Carvery should take corrective measures. Barretts Carvery could also offer the other common benefits including meals and paid time-off (Food Services Warehouse 2009). Another recommendation is to implement an Employee of the Month recognition program. A recognition program would enable employees to feel valued, which has a positive effect on staff retention (Jones 2010). KFC has a staff recognition program, and Misty Reich, vice-president HR at KFC UK and Ireland Reich, believes the companys culture of recognition sets it apart from its competitors (Jones 2010). It is not something you can really fabricate, says Reich. It comes off as being very inauthentic if it is not in the DNA of a business, and it is very much in our DNA (Jones 2010). Although monetary factor may appear to be the first choice of employee benefits there are other motivating factors that can drive employee to remain with companies including training, the access to the right tools (Heathfield 2010). Moreover, there are also some uncommon benefits within the restaurant industries which can be used by the management of Barretts Carvery; these include Insurance Medical, Dental, Vis ion, Life, and Disability. Barretts Carvery could offer one or more of these uncommon benefits which may not only help in the retention of employees, but also in gaining a competitive edge (Food Services Warehouse 2009). 1c) what ethical and legal implications will Barretts Carvery need to be aware of when recruiting new staff? ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATION When recruiting new staff, Barretts Carvery must be cognizant of ethical and legal implication that may have an adverse impact on the business. Ethics take many forms, but in its most fundamental nature, ethics can be regarded as a set of principals of which governs the right conduct of a person (Draft and Marcic, 2008). Ethical Consideration should not be taken lightly by an employer or employee. HR specialists are concerned with ethical standards in three ways: their conduct as professionals, the values that govern their behaviour and the ethical standards of their firms (Armstrong, 2006). In an effort to prevent unethical conduct when recruiting new staff, Barretts Carvery must ensure that selected candidates have a clear understanding of the companys code of conduct and policies, which if not adhere to can result in dismissal. For example, employees of one of UK biggest restaurant chains can be dismissed if they do not adhere to the code of conduct, of not to encourage customers to leave cash tips. According to The Guardian (2009) Employees of Tragus which owns Strada, Cafà © Rouge, and Bella Italia are forbidden to tell diners that the optional service charge is used to subsidize the national minimum wage paid to waiters. Cash tips go directly to staff, but those paid by card go to the company. The company sent a memo last month to all restaurant managers telling them to crack down on staff who appeared to be encouraging customers to leave cash instead of putting the service charge on their card (Elliot, 2009). Barretts Carvery should be aware of the negative implications unethical behavior can have on the reputation, the employees, and operational success of the restaurant. Unethical behavior can have detrimental effects on organizations in ways including giving the company a bad image, causing ineffectiveness, harm sales, and worsen communication which can be costly to retract or repair (National Business Ethics Survey, 2000). Barretts Carvery should ensure that the new and current staff do not indulge in behavior that may be unethical questionable, as this may impact the productivity level of the restaurant. The paper went on to mention that, unethical behavior decreased efficiency, and increases misconduct (National Business Ethics Survey, 2000). In one survey, 71 percent of employees who saw honesty applied rarely or never in their organization had seen misconduct in the past year, compare with 52 percent who saw honesty applied occasionally, and 25 percent who saw it frequently. The f igures were similar for respect and trust (National Business Ethics Survey, 2000). Unethical behavior towards employees can hinder productivity, trust, caused demotivation, worsen absenteeism, and even affect the performance of the highly skilled (Michael and Rao, 2005). In addition to ethical implications, Barretts Carvery must also be concerned with legal consideration when recruiting new staff. One reason why the management of Barretts Carvery should be concerned about the legal implications is to minimize risks of being involved in legal battles. One method to minimize legal risks is to ensure that the recruiting practices conform to the laws that govern the hiring of employees. Barretts Carvery should also take care to ensure that the additional steps in the recruitment process such as job postings, questions asked during the interviews, the checking of references, and job offers, all comply with the legal requirements. Barretts Carvery can also refer to other sources for guidance on ethical and legal implications on hiring new staff. One such source is the Recruiter Guide. According to the A Recruiter Guide job postings or advertisements should not be published which give preference to: Race Colour Ancestry Place of origin Political belief Religion Marital status Family status Physical Mental disability Sex Sexual orientation Age Avoiding discrimination during the recruitment process does not only steer clear of legal battles it also allows you to select the best person for the job. Barretts Carvery must ensure that applicants are not selected based on race, sex, age, political beliefs, religious affiliation or any of the above because people can bring employment tribunal claim if they think they were discriminated during the selection process (Business Link, 2007). In addition to the Recruiter Guide, Barretts Carvery can also use the governing laws to avoid negative ethical and legal implication when recruiting new staff. According to BC Laws, Employment Standard Act, Chapter 13, when hiring an employee the following must be enforced. No False representations Hiring of Children No charge for hiring or providing No fees to other persons Employment and talent places must be licensed Farm labor contractor must be licensed Written employment contract required for domestics Register of employees working in residences It is recommended that Barretts Carvery examine the laws that govern to ensure that it is protected from any adverse legal and ethical implications. Barretts Carvery must also ensure that its employees familiarized themselves with these laws to recognized and prevent unlawful acts that may have ethical and legal implications. CONCLUSION In seeking to increase the number of employees, Barretts Carvery should not take its recruitment, selection, and retention processes lightly. The company should ensure that the job descriptions and person specifications are clear as possible; this is the foundation for selecting the right person for the job. Ensuring that the person specification is directly related to the job, and not selecting the right person for the job can prevent unnecessary costs. In an effort to select the right candidate Barretts Carvery should ensure that the method used, application forms, interviews, tests, etc are tailored to suit the job description: this is important, as not doing so can result in hiring the wrong persons. Moreover, Barretts Carvery must steer clear of any unethical behavior that may tarnished the image of the company, and should ensure that the companys recruitment, selection and retention processes addresses all ethical/unethical and legal issues that can arise. The company should en sure that all the laws that govern are adhere to, as doing so in the recruitment process can reduce the chances of misconduct and lawsuits.

History of the Barcode and Its Applications

History of the Barcode and Its Applications INTRODUCTION The innovation of barcodes has really emerged as one of the biggest innovation and it has been very influential for the inventory handlers. Especially if we look at the supermarkets it is a very tough business because it involves a lot of inventory handling. Maintaining inventory which is not too much and not too less is a very critical issue for the owners. But with the advent of this automatic readable technology things are quite easy and speedy nowadays. This paper tells us that how initially supermarkets had to manually count and keep track of their inventories and not only supermarkets but all the industries who involve handling of large amount of inventories had to come across high costs and it also took a lot of time, but the emergence of this remarkable innovation has speed up the processes which has eventually helped lowering costs, saving time and last but not the least in satisfying customers. This paper also focuses on the different types and dimensions of innovation and explains that how the innovation of barcodes fit into those dimensions. 2 BARCODES Standardized tags are the most prevalent of the programmed information passage strategies. It is an example of parallel bars and spaces of variable widths orchestrated in a particular decided example to speak to a comparing number, letter, or image. The data in a standardized tag is held in the relative thickness and relative position of the lines and spaces inside the particular information characters. Scanners change over the bars and spaces into usable data for information passage. HISTORY While it may appear as though standardized tags have been with us everlastingly, standardized tags didnt generally have an effect until the 1970s. It wasnt until 1974 that the first standardized identification scanner was utilized and the first item bar coded. Be that as it may the thought had been around for a short time. In 1932, Wallace Flint proposed that a mechanized retail checkout framework may be practical. While His idea was considered unworkable, Flint kept on supporting the thought of computerized checkout all through his vocation. Actually, Flint, who happened to turn into the VP of the relationship of evolved ways of life around 40 years after the fact, was instrumental in the improvement of the UPC (Universal Product Code). Throughout the 40s, 50s and 60s few code organizations were created including a bulls-eye code, numeral codes, and different arrangements. Retail applications drove the early innovative improvements of bar coding, yet mechanical applications soon emu lated. 3 Initial Uses of Bar Codes In 1948, a nearby natural pecking order store holder approached Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia getting some information about exploration into a system for consequently perusing item data throughout checkout. Bernard Silver, a graduate understudy at Drexel Institute, alongside individual graduate learner Norman Joseph Woodland, teamed together to create an answer. Forest initially proposed utilizing ultraviolet light delicate ink. A working model was manufactured yet dismisses as being excessively unsteady and lavish. On October 20, 1949, Woodland and Silver succeeded in building a working model depicting their development as article arrangement†¦ through the medium of distinguishing examples. On October 7, 1952, they were allowed a patent for their Characterizing Apparatus and Method. Deliberations to create a working framework quickened in the 1960s.bar coding was initially utilized industrially as a part of 1966, yet to make the framework satisfactory to the b usiness overall there would need to be an industry standard. By 1970, Logicon Inc. had created the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC). The main organization to deliver standardized identification supplies for retail exchange (utilizing UGPIC) was the American organization Monarch Marking (1970), and for modern utilize, the British organization Plessey Telecommunications (1970).in 1972, a Kroger store in Cincinnati started utilizing a bulls-eye code. Throughout that same time period, an advisory group was structured inside the staple business to choose a standard code to be utilized as a part of the business. IBM proposed a configuration, based upon the UGPIC work and like todays UPC code. On April 3, 1973, the board chose the UPC image (focused around the IBM proposal) as the business standard. The accomplishment of the framework from that point forward has prodded on the improvement of other coding frameworks. George J. Laurer is viewed as the designer of U.p.c. alternately Uniform Product Code. In June of 1974, the first U.p.c. scanner was introduced at a Marshs general store in Troy, Ohio. The main item to have a standardized tag was Wrigleys Gum. 4 Today Today, standardized tags are all over the place. Rental auto organizations stay informed concerning their armada by method for standardized tags on the auto guard. Aerial transports track traveler gear, lessening the possibility of misfortune. NASA depends on standardized identifications to screen the many high temperature tiles that need to be supplanted after every space shuttle excursion, and the development of atomic waste is followed with a scanner tag stock framework. Standardized identifications even show up on people! Style fashioners stamp standardized tags on their models to help direction design shows. (The codes store data about what equips each one model ought to be wearing and when they are expected on the runway). New era of Bar Codes opens potential outcomes for new applications, for instance Data Matrix permits a lot of data to be put away in a little space. This is for instance is utilized within health awareness division. Scanner tags are as of now the best known a nd most generally utilized programmed ID engineering. Future The eventual fate of programmed ID, on the other hand, is likely in radio recurrence (RFID). Modest transmitters implanted in things dont oblige a viewable pathway to the scanner, nor are they subject to corruption by presentation. Effectively being used in retail locations to help forestall shoplifting and on toll streets to speed activity, the essential obstruction to more extensive utilization of RFID has been the expense of the silicon chips needed. Today, the five-penny chip is close nearby. On the off chance that the expense might be lessened to short of what one penny a chip, later on your breakfast oat box will be a radio transmitter. 5 THEORIES OF INNOVATION Developing a new product is not that easy as it may seem to be, it requires a lot of continuous effort and determination on the end of the producer. An innovative product is of great benefit not only to its users but it is of great value to the innovating firm as it generates higher value for the firm and allows the firm to enjoy a better competitive position in the market. But it should be kept in mind that developing an innovative does not means that the struggle has ended. When an innovative product enters a market it creates a lot of hype but as the time passes it may start to lose its uniqueness and its exciting features may start to fade, this might be due to competitors copying the product or the simply the users get bore of using it. Therefore, the companies have to strive continuously to maintain their innovation for a longer period of time. Similarly innovation can be in the form of better services which provide better quality and customer satisfaction at a price lower than the competitors. Financial markets involve service innovation as the try their level best to facilitate and satisfy their customers. But the innovative edge and this level of high satisfaction among the customers remains until the innovation is not imitated by the competitor. There remains a lot of pressure on the innovators to innovate continuously to maintain their strategic edge over the other firms and in order to do so some firms may look to bring some changes to the product design, some ponder over the quality, some try to wipe out their enemies by controlling and lowering the cost and some of the innovating firms look to bring changes into their processes. 6 So, the only way of maintaining your strategic advantage is to innovate continuously and there are several theories for it. S-curve The S-curve measures the adoption rate of an innovation. At x-axis we measure the time and the percentage of market penetration is measured at the y-axis. At its early stages the adoption rate of an innovation is at the lower side and only the innovators are accustomed to the product, afterwards some early adopters emerge as they try using the new product and finally the late majority and laggards come into act, all this pattern is visually shown by the S-shape curve. The process of innovation basically starts with a new idea. The stage is very crucial as there are very key questions to be answered by the innovating firm which include funding and testing of the new product as early adopters are ready to give a try to the new technology or new product or service. After the early adopters firm makes decisions on its target market and it is the point when the new product moves from specific segments to more diverse segments and the company starts shifting towards mass production which ultimately leads to standardization. Due to standardization market tends to mature. At the latter stage people who avoid risk or simply you can say late adopters join the party and start using the product. At this stage the only room left for innovation is in the form of design, quality and economies of scale which is known as incremental innovation. 7 Technology Push: A technology push is a situation when the firms are forced to carry out an innovative process due to some emerging technology or due to a new combination of existing technologies. Sometimes in order to stay in the market race and to maintain a good strategic advantage companies have to carry out an innovative process unwillingly, for instance if your competitor deploys new quality which enhances quality of the final product and increases its chances to be praised highly by the end users then you are forced to innovate and bring some new and exciting to match or surpass your competitor. On the other hand sometimes technological opportunities may provoke or push firms to innovate. Market pull: The ultimate goal of an organization is to maximize its profit and it is only possible if caters its market in an efficient manner. Sometimes need for a new product or solution to a problem may be demanded by the customers themselves. The need is identified by potential customers or market research. This situation is referred to as Market pull. Disruptive innovation The theory of disruptive innovation involves introduction of a product which is primarily aimed at providing simplicity, convenience, accessibility and affordability in an environment where 8 intricacy and high costs are the dominant factors. Initially disruptive information is applied to niche market but eventually the new concept or technology transforms the whole industry. Disruptive innovators are not regarded as breakthrough forces but they are considered a positive force they may not help in making a product or service better but they surely contribute a lot to make sure better accessibility and availability of the product or service. Breakthrough innovation As the name suggests breakthrough innovation is something like ‘’out of the box’’ solution for any problem which cannot be compared to existing technologies or methodologies. Mostly the research and development departments are responsible for this innovation and the process is carried out in the labs as it requires constant research. The innovators looking for breakthrough do not have customers in mind because this innovation is initially focused at the supply side of the supply chain and then if required the technology is pushed on to the customers. APPLICATION OF THEORIES The innovation of barcode according to me should be termed as process innovation as it totally changed the way the inventories were managed before, specially the cumbersome job of the supermarkets has seen a great relief by the advent of this automatic readable technology. Barcodes have reduced time and saved a lot of costs, initially supermarkets owners had to count all the items on their shelves to stay updates with the inventory status and they had to employ several people for this task which obviously resulted in higher costs and it suck a lot of time also. 9 This for companies has not only reduced costs or decreased the time but it has also been influential in satisfying customers, the customers do not have to wait for long for the bills on the counter, the barcode reader is flashed on the barcode which is on the product and the price of the product emerges in seconds on the cashier’s computer screen. According to S-curve initially the users of bar-coding system were limited as the early adopters of this remarkable innovation were the supermarket owners who actually initiated or felt the need for such a product but as this technology started getting recognition it was seen as a big hit and it was deployed by each and every industry which had to deal with bulks of inventory. The innovation of a barcode is a technological development as it completely revolutionized the way the inventories were handled. Barcode is a pure case of market pull as it was initiated from the market as a president of a supermarket felt the desperate need of this remarkable innovation. Apart from that it is also disruptive innovation as it has made the handling of inventory more convenient, accessible, time saving and less costly as it was ever before. Barcode can also easily be termed as breakthrough innovation because it has been a real out of the box thing, no one at the time of its introduction would have thought even for a second that something as remarkable as barcodes will come and ease up the complex lives of the inventory handlers. 10 Bibliography Brown, S. A. (April 2001). A History of the Bar Code. Herstatt, P. D. (August 2000). Management of â€Å"technology push† development projects. Ryan, V. (2013). WHAT IS MARKET PULL. Seideman, T. (n.d.). Barcodes Sweep the WorldTony Seideman. Tumati, P. (n.d.). Types of Innovations.

The Abortion Debate :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

The Abortion Debate During the past quarter century, abortion has joined race and war as one of the most debatable subject of controversy in the United States. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. Abortion poses a moral, social and medical dilemma that faces many individuals to create a emotional and violent atmosphere. There are many points of view toward abortion but the only two fine distinctions are "pro-choice" and "pro-life". A pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the state has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. This life imposes on us a moral obligation to preserve it and that abortion is tantamount to murder (Kolner 5). In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion. Women with incomes under eleven thousand are over three times more likely to abort than those with incomes above twenty-five thousand. Unmarried women are four to five times more likely to abort than married and the abortion rate has doubled for 18 and 19 year olds. Recently the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent overall but the rate of abortion among girls younger than 15 jumped 18 percent. The rate among minority teens climbed from 186 per 1,000 to 189 per 1,000. The most popular procedure involved in abortions is the vacuum aspiration which is done during the first trimester (three months or less since the women has become pregnant). A tube is simply inserted through the cervix and the contents of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most commonly used type of second trimester abortion is called dilation and evacuation. Since the fetus has bones, bulk and can move, second trimester is not as simple. When as much of the fetus and placenta are vacuumed out then tweezers are used to remove larger parts. After this, or the beginning of the fifth month abortion is serious and actually induced as childbirth. That is, the mother is given substances which puts her into labor and delivers the fetus as she would a full-term baby. About 40 percent of Americans believe that abortion should remain legal and 40 percent believe it should be banned except when the pregnancy threatens the life of the mother or is the result of rape or incest.

Change :: Expository Essays

Change Change is inevitable. Just when you become adjusted to your surroundings, something changes. Stability does not last forever. In the article Shadow Cities by Andre Aciman, the aspect of change is looked at by the viewpoint of an exile. From his first attempt to deal with change to his final acceptance, Aciman describes in an abundance of ideas, what he is feeling throughout this process. After leaving Alexandria as an exile, Aciman came to call Manhattan, or more precisely Straus Park his home. But Straus Park is not just one place. It is a multitude of different places coming together to form a rather dingy, grubby park with park. Straus Park is whatever you want it to be. It can be far off destinations such as Paris or a small place in one’s imagination. Whatever the place, it creates a bit of stability. When Aciman walked by the Park one day, he realized that it was in ruins. Assuming that the city of Manhattan was closing the park, he began to contemplate what this change meant to him. He began to realize â€Å"that even if I don’t disappear from a place, places disappear from me.† New York became his home not because it was where he wanted to be but because he led him to new places. Through Straus Park, he met a variety of people each with their own story that eventually added to Aciman story. By sitting on the park benches usually covered with bird droppings, he encountered people and dreamt of unknown places he wanted to go. After a while of contemplating, Aciman realized that he did not want to go to these places but was satisfied living the life he was living. The statue that helped him through his adaptation to America was soon replaced. However, whereas he thought he was a statue of a

Dickens thought what meant to be a gentleman Essay

I am going to base my coursework on question 14 on what Dickens thought what meant to be a gentleman. I am going to do this because I too found this interest to what it actually means to be a gentleman. Throughout the novel of Great Expectations, Dickens is interested in what it means to be a gentleman. He tries to show us by telling us a story about a young boy Pip in which he grows up trying to become a gentleman, through Joe who is Pip’s brother in law who is a poor but a decent, hardworking man and also Magwitch the convict, who changes through the story but Pip especially changes. Great Expectations was narrated by Pip which he talks about his childhood and he growing up. This is called Bildungstoman. There was only really one reason why Pip wanted to become a gentleman, and that was to impress Estella, the girl he loved ever since he first gazed into her beautiful eyes. I thought that this was a bad choice to do because he tried to become something which he really that he wasn’t was by changing class systems. â€Å"Biddy† [†¦ ], â€Å"I want to be a gentleman†. Even Biddy thought that this was not a good idea and tried to warn him not to. â€Å"Oh, I wouldn’t if I was you†, [†¦ ] â€Å"I don’t think it would answer†. He thinks that by being a gentleman, he can win over Estella’s heart, but he thinks that by becoming a gentleman, he and Estella would be equal. I think this because back in the Victorian Times, class was very important of a person’s status and place in society and still is nowadays but some people now don’t like to think about it and think of each other as equals. Dickens tells us this by when Pip says that he wants to become a gentleman. It’s not really him wanting to become a gentleman; I think Dickens replaces â€Å"need† with â€Å"want†. I say this because Pip needs to become a gentleman to win over Estella’s heart otherwise he can’t. The word â€Å"Expectations† is repeated time to time in the novel. Dickens uses this word because I think it has something to do with Pip becoming a gentleman. I think that the word Expectation means something that someone or something has to live up to or they know what they have to do. It’s like a duty to fulfil. When Pip was young, he was expected to be Joe’s apprentice and work in the Blacksmith all his life but because his desire to win Estella, he wants to become a gentleman so he has new expectations but he is preoccupied of finding Estella. When Pip was a child, he was quite poor and lived with his sister who was married to Joe Gargery who is a blacksmith. His parents had died and so did his other young brother and sisters when they were very young who were beside their tombs aswell. This told me how poor people die earlier in life because they cannot afford medical care and live hygienically. But when he was asked to visit Ms. Havisham, it all changed there. He found out that some people have better lives than him because they are richer. I think this may have influenced him, making him want to be that aswell. These people were high in societies who were educated, so he thought that if he was to become a gentleman, he would be in a high society enabling him to marry Estella. Pip only had 1 sister and lived with her alongside Joe Gargery. His best was Biddy, his childhood friend. We never saw Pip hardly talking to his sister that much but he did talk to her politely and helped along in the house. Maybe this was because her sister always bragged that she raised him and she spent her life on him only making him feel rather guilty. This must of persuaded him to be like this to her. His behaviour didn’t change that much around Mrs Joe Gargery but later on she did die on illness which must of made Pip really upset by this. Pip and Joe got on very well with each other. They would often speak freely with each other. Before, Pip was thrilled to be Joe’s apprentice, but I think Satis House really affected his mind and what and how he spoke to others. â€Å"that I shall never forget you†. Joe really means something to Pip at the beginning. I think the politeness of Joe was a good influence for Pip to have around him. But when he left for London, things changed. Pip receives a letter from Biddy, telling him that Joe is coming to visit him. Pip was not happy by this. â€Å"Let me confess [†¦ ], not with great pleasure†. The word â€Å"confess† feels as if he is hiding his feelings from even himself and feels guilty about this. You can see the changes the class system has made into his mind, making him think bad things. Pip even began to think negative things about a person who he spent most of his life with. â€Å"I knew it was Joe by his clumsy manner of coming up the stairs†. Pip knows that it’s Joe approaching his door but instead of pointing out a normal thing which he would of normally of said before, he has disputably said a negative thing which again I blame the class system. Another thing was that before Pip left, he hugged Joe and left but when they met they only shook hands which even Joe thought he changed a bit proving again the class system changing a person especially a youthful mind. Pip treated Biddy very nicely and talked to her politely. These 2 were best friends since their childhood. We don’t see Biddy and Pip talk until Pip changes a bit and tells her about him wanting to become a gentleman. This was an important part because Biddy realises that Pip is changing and warns him not to go ahead of what he is planning. He takes into his head but then is overpowered by his will of Estella’s love. Pip gets a little angry at her too. â€Å"(I don’t know), I moodily answered†. The word moodily suggests he doesn’t like what she is suggesting to him and gets a little eager at her. â€Å"I am very sorry to see this in you. You are envious [†¦ ], dissatisfied on the account of my rise in fortune and you cant help showing it†. He thinks that she is saying all this because she is jealous of him becoming richer but she is not and just wants the wellness of her dear friend. I think this changed the relationship between these 2 because Pip kept failing on the wrong side of what Biddy actually went. I think that Pip should of atleast been more emotional when he left because I think that he was too over excited in leaving. Too me, he was forgetting what was more important in life than status. The only closest person around Pip who was the perfect and suited role model of a gentleman was dear Joe Gargery. He had the characteristics of what a gentleman would have without status though. I felt sorry for him from time to time because he deserved better but he was happy the way everything was. â€Å"I’m sorry to say, I’ve eaten your pie†. The convict admitted that he ate his pie and Joe replied, â€Å"god knows you’re welcome to it, [†¦], we wouldn’t have you starved to death†. He was so sweet and kind to the convict that he thought of the positive thing which was not to let a human being as himself starve. The word â€Å"welcome† tells me that he is a kind, decent and acts like a gentleman would without boasting. Dickens creates a character like Pip that treats people this way because I think that even Dickens wasn’t sure of what a gentleman was so to go through this change would make him see the audiences response of what they thought a gentleman was. I think this is quite an effective technique using the audience to see how they respond to these changes because it gives him an idea of what a gentleman is so then he can add it to his novel. To me, Joe is a gentleman. The way he acts and the words he says to people is a way a gentleman would speak: politely, caring, sharing, and hard working especially when he wasn’t upset when the convict took his pie but was actually thankful for not letting himself starve which most people in this world would not do. He never really says anything bad to anyone that offends them or makes them upset. A gentleman is a person who stands out and to me; Joe stands out as a character. Dickens portrays Joe to how Pip should be I think. I say this because when Pip becomes a gentleman, Joe was already one to everyone so I think he was setting an example. I think he’s just a good person because he just lives a simple, easy and nice life. It also could be by the fact that he was raised like this by his parents but I don’t know because the novel does not mention his background, just that he is married to Pip’s elder sister.